Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41723256›Full record

ArticleCommunications biology2026

LICHEN enables light-chain immunoglobulin sequence generation conditioned on the heavy chain and experimental needs.

Henriette L Capel, Isaac Ellmen, Chris J Murray, Giulia Mignone, Megan Black, Brendan Clarke, Conor Breen, Sean Tierney, Patrick Dougan, Richard J Buick and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Communications biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Henriette L CapelOxford Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3757-5313
Isaac EllmenOxford Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5556-2965
Chris J MurrayFusion Antibodies plc, Springbank Industrial Estate, Dunmurry, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Giulia MignoneFusion Antibodies plc, Springbank Industrial Estate, Dunmurry, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Megan BlackFusion Antibodies plc, Springbank Industrial Estate, Dunmurry, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Brendan ClarkeFusion Antibodies plc, Springbank Industrial Estate, Dunmurry, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Conor BreenFusion Antibodies plc, Springbank Industrial Estate, Dunmurry, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Sean TierneyFusion Antibodies plc, Springbank Industrial Estate, Dunmurry, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Patrick DouganFusion Antibodies plc, Springbank Industrial Estate, Dunmurry, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Richard J BuickFusion Antibodies plc, Springbank Industrial Estate, Dunmurry, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Alexander Greenshields-WatsonOxford Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-9823
Charlotte M DeaneOxford Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. deane@stats.ox.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1388-2252

Funding

RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/S024093/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In developing therapeutic antibodies, the heavy chain is often prioritised due to its higher variability and its central role in antigen binding. An appropriate pairing of the light sequence is however important for antibody function. Here we present LICHEN, a heavy chain conditioned light sequence generation tool that enables collaborative light sequence design by leveraging computational capabilities alongside experimental expertise. LICHEN generates light sequences which are valid (antibody-like), diverse in sequence and structure, and conditioned on a specific heavy chain. LICHEN can also condition on germline and CDRs and automatically filter generated sequences for required properties. We carry out experimental validation of the method conditioning only on the heavy sequence and on the heavy sequence and binding information. Our in vitro results show that sequences created by LICHEN have effective expression yields and can retain antigen-binding. LICHEN can thus be used across multiple antibody engineering scenarios for efficient light-chain pairing.

Indexed as

Immunoglobulin Light ChainsSoftwareAnimalsAntigensBase SequenceCHO CellsCloning, MolecularComplementarity Determining RegionsCricetulusGene ExpressionHumansImmunoglobulinsImmunoglobulin Variable RegionMutationSingle-Chain AntibodiesSomatic Hypermutation, ImmunoglobulinAntigensComplementarity Determining RegionsImmunoglobulin Light ChainsImmunoglobulinsImmunoglobulin Variable RegionSingle-Chain Antibodies

Identifiers

PMID41723256
PMCPMC13036001

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.