Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41723446›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2026

Why was the concordance rate of imaging and clinical diagnosis in cemento-osseous dysplasia low? A retrospective study of 55 cases.

Yijun Li, Yunhao Zheng, Bei Tang, Yuchao Shi, Jiayin Ren, Meng You, Li Liu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yijun Li *State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
Yunhao Zheng *State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
Bei TangState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
Yuchao ShiState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
Jiayin RenState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
Meng YouState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
Li LiuState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China. kosdj@foxmail.com.

Funding

Key Research and Development Program of Science and Technology Department of Chengdu City 2021-YF05-01627-SNKey Research and Development Program of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province 2022YFS0038Subproject of National Key Research and Development Program 2022YFC2402103
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) be diagnosed based on imaging findings, avoiding biopsy when possible. This study aimed to evaluate the concordance between imaging and clinical diagnoses in 55 COD patients, and to identify key clinical and radiographic features that may help prevent unnecessary biopsy or inappropriate treatment.

methodsBetween September 1, 2017, and August 31, 2018, 55 patients diagnosed with COD were randomly selected from the imaging database of West China Hospital of Stomatology. Two radiologists reviewed all cases to assess correlations between COD variants and clinical symptoms, identify common misdiagnoses, and examine subsequent treatment decisions.

resultsThe cohort showed a strong female predominance (female: male = 48:7). The concordance rate between imaging and clinical diagnoses was only 1.8% (1/55); the remaining 98.2% were either misdiagnosed or overlooked clinically. Most lesions were incidentally discovered on radiographs (65%), while others were associated with tooth pain (18%), facial swelling (9%), tooth mobility (5%), or abscess (2%). A statistically significant difference was found between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups across COD variants (Fisher's Exact Test, P < 0.05; Cramer's V = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.28-0.67). Among 27 clinically overlooked cases, only one was correctly diagnosed. Misdiagnoses included tooth-related diseases (n = 10), tumors or cysts (n = 6), osteomyelitis (n = 3), bone islands (n = 1), and mixed diagnoses (n = 7). No significant differences were observed in COD variants, treatment duration, or the number of clinical visits and departments among the misdiagnosed cases. The only correctly diagnosed patient received surgical curettage. Twenty-two patients received no treatment. Others underwent root canal therapy, extraction, curettage, or combinations thereof. Some patients also received dental implants or orthodontic treatment.

conclusionCemento-osseous dysplasia (COD), a type of non-neoplastic fibro-osseous lesion of the jaw, is frequently misdiagnosed in clinical practice. These diagnostic errors often lead to unnecessary interventions and complications. Enhanced clinician training in radiographic interpretation-particularly the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-is essential for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and guiding appropriate management.

Indexed as

CementomaFibrous Dysplasia of BoneAdolescentAdultClinical RelevanceDiagnostic ErrorsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesCemento-osseous dysplasiaFibrous dysplasia of boneRadiological examination

Identifiers

PMID41723446
PMCPMC13032567

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.