Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41724772›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 6-hydroxychromone based thiosemicarbazones as potential antidiabetic and antioxidant agents.

Wajeeha Zareen, Nadeem Ahmed, Farhan Siddique, Parham Taslimi, Muhammad Ali Khan, Talha Islam, Mostafa A Ismail, Mariya Al-Rashida, Magdi E A Zaki, Sobhi M Gomha and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Wajeeha ZareenInstitute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800, Multan, Pakistan.
Nadeem AhmedInstitute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800, Multan, Pakistan.
Farhan SiddiqueDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
Parham TaslimiDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, 74110, Bartin, Turkey.
Muhammad Ali KhanInstitute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800, Multan, Pakistan.
Talha IslamDepartment of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road 54600, Lahore, Pakistan.
Mostafa A IsmailDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
Mariya Al-RashidaDepartment of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road 54600, Lahore, Pakistan.
Magdi E A ZakiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia.
Sobhi M GomhaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia. smgomha@iu.edu.sa.
Rima D AlharthyDepartment of Chemistry, Rabigh Branch, Science & Arts College, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia.
Zahid ShafiqInstitute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800, Multan, Pakistan. zahidshafiq@bzu.edu.pk.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A new series of 6-hydroxychromone-based thiosemicarbazones 4(a-p) was synthesized and assessed for their antidiabetic (α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase inhibition) as well as antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2´-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)) activities. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 4k (IC50 = 1.18 ± 0.19 µg/mL) emerged as the promising α-Glucosidase inhibitor, significantly outperforming the reference drug Acarbose (IC50 = 7.33 ± 0.13 µg/mL). For α-Amylase inhibition, compound 4 g (IC50 = 13.61 ± 2.04 µg/mL) demonstrated excellent activity, compared to Acarbose (IC50 = 43.15 ± 5.22 µg/mL). In antioxidant assays, compound 4o (IC50 = 15.30 ± 1.70 µg/mL) exhibited the strongest DPPH radical scavenging effect, and compound 4 g (IC50 = 6.06 ± 0.15 µg/mL) showed the highest ABTS scavenging activity, surpassing the standard antioxidant Trolox (IC50 = 30.20 ± 5.14 & 18.19 ± 2.47 µg/mL, respectively). Remarkably, these derivatives showed greater efficacy compared to standard inhibitors, underscoring their promise as novel candidates for antidiabetic and antioxidant drug development. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated strong binding and critical interactions within the enzyme active sites. MD simulations confirmed the stability of 4k-α-Glucosidase and 4 g-α-Amylase, with RMSD values below 3.6 Å, low RMSF (< 2.8 Å) at the binding site, and sustained key interactions with Phe 158 and Tyr 151, respectively. The network pharmacology further supported the findings of molecular docking and simulation analysis.

Indexed as

AntioxidantsChromonesHypoglycemic AgentsThiosemicarbazonesalpha-Amylasesalpha-GlucosidasesBiphenyl CompoundsGlycoside Hydrolase InhibitorsMolecular Docking SimulationStructure-Activity Relationshipalpha-Amylasesalpha-GlucosidasesAntioxidantsBiphenyl CompoundsChromonesGlycoside Hydrolase InhibitorsHypoglycemic AgentsThiosemicarbazones6-HydroxychromoneAntidiabeticAntioxidantEnzyme inhibitionMolecular dockingThiosemicarbazones

Identifiers

PMID41724772
PMCPMC12932665

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.