Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41725559›Full record

ReviewCurrent opinion in neurology2026

Integration over reduction: multimodal PET and fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and beyond.

Marina Bluma, Konstantinos Chiotis, Agneta Nordberg

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current opinion in neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Walking as a Window to the Brain: Redefining Gait in Neurology.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Marina BlumaDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Konstantinos ChiotisDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Agneta NordbergDivision of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewBiomarker-based Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis has shifted clinical practice from syndromic, dementia-stage diagnosis to a biologically defined framework anchored in amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assays. However, binary amyloid/tau status does not capture disease complexity, stage, and the impact of co-existing neuropathologies. Here, we review in vivo human PET-fluid biomarker studies in AD and related neurological disorders. RECENT

findingsWe highlight how PET readouts of aggregated pathology and fluid biomarkers reflect related yet non-identical processes, and what relevant insights for staging and prognosis can be derived from it. We review recent efforts to infer tau stage from plasma and CSF markers, emphasizing stage-dependent relationships between soluble p-tau, amyloid burden, and tau-PET signal, and associated limitations that are partly driven by the lack of standardized tau PET staging methods. Finally, we examine how co-pathologies and biological modifiers - including age, APOE ε4, sex, and neuroinflammatory states - shape PET-fluid coupling and contribute to disease course. The reviewed evidence supports a complementary, multimodal biomarker approach that integrates PET with CSF and plasma measures. SUMMARY: To maximize insights from multimodal signals, harmonized integration frameworks - supported by neuropathology-anchored and real-world validation and explicitly accounting for modifiers such as age, sex, and APOE ε4 - will be essential.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBiomarkersBrainPositron-Emission Tomographytau ProteinsAmyloid beta-PeptidesHumansAmyloid beta-PeptidesBiomarkerstau ProteinsAlzheimer's diseasedisease stagingpositron emission tomography–fluid biomarker couplingprecision medicine

Identifiers

PMID41725559
PMCPMC12975025

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.