Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41725630›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of particle therapy2026

Machine Learning-Based Beam Delivery Time Model for Mevion S250i With Hyperscan Technology.

Giorgio Cartechini, Francesco Giuseppe Cordoni, Mirko Unipan, Ilaria Rinaldi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of particle therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Giorgio CartechiniMaastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Doctor Tanslaan 12, Maastricht 6229 ET, The Netherlands.
Francesco Giuseppe CordoniDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, via Mesiano, 77, Trento 38123, Italy.
Mirko UnipanMaastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Doctor Tanslaan 12, Maastricht 6229 ET, The Netherlands.
Ilaria RinaldiMaastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Doctor Tanslaan 12, Maastricht 6229 ET, The Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Accurate prediction of beam delivery time (BDT) is critical for operational efficiency, 4D dose calculations, and advanced proton therapy techniques. Despite its importance, no machine-specific BDT model exists for Mevion systems. Methods: We developed the first machine learning-based model for the Mevion S250i Hyperscan system. Institutional machine log files from 11 patients (1120 machine log files) were used to extract features describing spot position, energy layer changes, Adaptive Aperture (AA) movements, and spot charge. Inter-pulse time ( Results: The model achieved mean absolute errors (MAE) ranging from 0.9 ms for short intervals ( Conclusions: This study presents the first machine learning-based BDT model for the Mevion S250i system, accurately capturing both predictive performance and machine-specific temporal dynamics. Explainable AI analysis using SHAP provided detailed insights into the operational characteristics of the system, highlighting the contributions of energy layer switching, AA adjustments, and spot position shifts to delivery time. The proposed BDT model demonstrated strong predictive performance across the clinical applications evaluated, supporting its potential use for interplay assessment, 4D dose calculation, and delivery time-based plan optimization.

Indexed as

Beam delivery timeExplainable AIMachine learningMevion S250iProtontherapy

Identifiers

PMID41725630
PMCPMC12924178

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.