Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41725729›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in neurology2026

Association of Alzheimer's disease progression with YKL40 levels in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Qianwen Yang, Ruiqi Wang, Jian Pei, Qinhui Fu, Yijun Zhan, Wenyan Zhu

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Qianwen Yang *Department of Acupuncture, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Ruiqi Wang *Department of Acupuncture, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jian PeiDepartment of Acupuncture, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Qinhui FuInternational Education College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yijun ZhanDepartment of Acupuncture, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Wenyan ZhuDepartment of Acupuncture, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Chitinase 3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1 or YKL40) is a potential neuroinflammatory biomarker linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have produced inconsistent results regarding YKL40 levels in various clinical stages of AD. This study aims to establish the correlation between YKL40 levels and AD progression through a meta-analysis of YKL40 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood. Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify observational studies reporting CSF and peripheral blood YKL40 levels in AD patients, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, preclinical AD (pre-AD) and healthy controls (HCs). A random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Thirty observational studies involving 2,102 AD patients, 1,504 MCI patients, 118 pre-AD individuals, and 2,091 HCs were included. Significant differences in CSF YKL-40 levels were observed in AD vs. HC (SMD = 1.37, 95%CI: [1.09, 1.65]; Discussion: Elevated YKL-40 levels in both CSF and peripheral blood are associated with the presence of Alzheimer's disease and its early stages, indicating that YKL-40 reflects neuroinflammatory processes involved in AD onset. While YKL-40 shows potential value for early identification along the AD continuum, its limited ability to differentiate between MCI and AD highlights the need for its combined use with other biomarkers in disease staging and progression assessment. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251031837.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s diseasemild cognitive impairmentneuroinflammationpre-ADYKL40

Identifiers

PMID41725729
PMCPMC12916370

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.