ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2026
Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on patients after coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to systematically evaluate the potential effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on analgesic consumption, pain relief, and pulmonary function outcomes in patients following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across four core databases-PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2.0) tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE system. For statistical analysis, standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for continuous variables. Heterogeneity was assessed via the Results: First, regarding pain management, TENS demonstrated greater efficacy in postoperative acute pain at rest (within 12 h) than control interventions (SMD = -1.02, 95% CI: -0.23-2.28; Conclusion: The current evidence preliminarily suggests that TENS may reduce postoperative analgesic dependence and modestly improve pulmonary function in patients following CABG; however, it has not demonstrated a statistically significant advantage in pain relief. Given the substantial heterogeneity across studies, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Future large-scale RCTs with standardized protocols are needed to validate these findings. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024594786, PROSPERO CRD42024594786.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.