ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Impact of immune-related adverse events on treatment outcomes in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: While immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are associated with better prognosis in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the prognostic impact of single-organ irAE (uni-irAE), multiple-organ irAEs (multi-irAEs), and organ-specific irAEs remains poorly understood. This study aimed to address this gap by evaluating the effects of various irAEs on survival and characterizing the co-occurrence patterns of multi-irAEs in ESCC patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 213 ESCC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), dividing them into non-irAE, uni-irAE, and multi-irAEs groups to compare their efficacy and prognosis. Baseline characteristics and efficacy outcomes were compared by Chi-square test. Prognostic analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard models. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the time to onset of irAEs. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors associated with the development of multi-irAEs. Results: Patients who developed irAEs exhibited a significantly higher disease control rate (DCR) compared to patients without irAEs (94.9% Conclusion: The occurrence of both uni-irAE and multi-irAEs was associated with favorable prognosis in ESCC patients treated with ICIs. Furthermore, patients who developed endocrine irAEs or mild irAEs also demonstrated improved efficacy, suggesting their potential as clinical response markers for a positive response to therapy. This finding emphasizes the necessity of vigilant monitoring and early intervention for irAEs in patients undergoing ICIs.
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