Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41727464›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026

Advances and prospects of mucosal vaccination in the prevention and control of avian influenza.

Xianfeng Hui, Xiaowei Tian, Shihuan Ding, Ge Gao, Shuoxiang Gao, Aiping Sun, Tiesuo Zhao, Hui Wang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Deciphering defensive mechanisms inFrontiers in immunology · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xianfeng Hui *Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
Xiaowei Tian *Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
Shihuan DingDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
Ge GaoHenan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
Shuoxiang GaoDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
Aiping SunDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
Tiesuo ZhaoDepartment of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
Hui WangHenan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Henan Medical University, Xinxiang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a persistent threat to global poultry production and public health. Long-term immunization programs have established a foundational immune barrier, significantly mitigating the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks. However, the high mutability of AIV, complex biosafety requirements, and the accelerating scale of poultry production underscore the need for enhanced mucosal protection. Mucosal immunity represents a critical defense against respiratory virus invasion in poultry, rapidly mobilizing local antibodies, cellular immune responses, and innate defense mechanisms. Recent advances in mucosal vaccine platforms-including viral vectors, nucleic acid vaccines, nanoparticle-based delivery systems, and water- or spray-administered formulations-have demonstrated potential in poultry models to enhance local immune responses, reduce viral shedding, and improve herd-level immune uniformity. This review provides a systematic overview of the unique structural and immunological features of avian mucosal tissues, summarizes the latest developments in mucosal vaccine technologies, and discusses their potential applications and challenges within integrated avian influenza control strategies.

Indexed as

Immunity, MucosalInfluenza A virusInfluenza in BirdsInfluenza VaccinesVaccinationAdministration, MucosalAnimalsHumansPoultryVirus SheddingInfluenza Vaccinesavian influenza virusmucosal immunitymucosal vaccinesrespiratory tract immunologyviral shedding control

Identifiers

PMID41727464
PMCPMC12916602

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.