ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
The tumor microenvironment in leukemia: molecular pathways of immune evasion.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Single-cell chromatin profiling reveals relapse-related priming in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoints in Leukaemia as Gatekeepers of Immuno-Modulation.Immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- STAT3 as a Candidate Shared Regulator of the CXCR4/CXCL12 and CXCR5/CXCL13 Homing Axes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Natural Products in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Rewiring the VHL-HIF Axis, Metabolic Plasticity, and Tumor-Immune Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The interplay between the immune system and leukemia presents major challenges to effective therapy development. This Review examines mechanisms of immune evasion across leukemia subtypes, emphasizing T-cell exhaustion, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and antigen-presentation deficits. Globally, leukemia remains a significant burden, with approximately 460,000 new cases and 320,000 deaths estimated in 2021 alone. Recent studies reveal how the tumor microenvironment (TME) shapes immune behavior and how leukemic cells remodel it to support survival and therapeutic resistance. We illustrate these adaptive processes, highlighting the contributions of the bone-marrow niche and B-cell dysregulation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We further discuss implications for immunotherapy, noting that agents like magrolimab (anti-CD47) combined with azacitidine have demonstrated objective response rates (ORR) exceeding 80% in early-phase AML trials, though challenges such as on-target anemia persist. By integrating current evidence from preclinical metabolic profiling to Phase 3 clinical data on E-selectin inhibition (uproleselan)-we clarify the immune landscape of leukemia and outline avenues for innovative treatments. Ultimately, this Review underscores the need for multifaceted immunotherapeutic approaches that account for the complex interactions within the TME.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.