Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41729284›Full record

ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2026

Effect of IOP-lowering treatment and Pentoxifylline on retrobulbar blood flow in normal tension glaucoma: a color doppler imaging study.

Enrico Lupardi, Monica Ferri, Alice Galzignato, Catarina P Coutinho, Gian Luca Laffi, Andrea Distefano, Giacomo Savini, Marco Battista, Giacinto Triolo, Alessandro Rabiolo and 2 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Enrico Lupardi *Ophthalmology Unit, DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy. enrico.lupardi@gmail.com.
Monica Ferri *, Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio, Bologna, Italy.
Alice Galzignato, Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio, Bologna, Italy.
Catarina P Coutinho, Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio, Bologna, Italy.
Gian Luca Laffi, Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio, Bologna, Italy.
Andrea DistefanoDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Giacomo Savini, Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio, Bologna, Italy.
Marco BattistaDepartment of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Giacinto TrioloDepartment of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Alessandro RabioloOspedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.
Alfredo A SadunDepartment of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Piero Barboni, Studio Oculistico d'Azeglio, Bologna, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo evaluate the effect of combining topical intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medications with oral pentoxifylline on ocular blood flow in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG), using Color Doppler Imaging (CDI).

methodsIn this pilot study, we retrospectively identified NTG patients who underwent IOP-lowering therapy followed by oral pentoxifylline administration. Three study visits were considered: baseline (V1) without therapy, after IOP-lowering therapy (V2), and following the addition of oral pentoxifylline (V3). Each visit included: IOP and blood pressure measurements, CDI of central retinal artery (CRA), and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCAs). CDI parameters analyzed included peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI). The healthy control group with CDI of ocular vessels was used to establish a threshold for “impaired” versus “normal” flow based on the 5th percentile of CDI parameters.

resultsNine NTG patients (18 eyes) were considered. Following topical IOP-lowering therapy (V2), IOP decreased significantly (16.50 ± 2.96 mmHg at V1 to 12.33 ± 1.80 mmHg at V2; p < 0.0001), PSV in impaired CRA showed a notable increase (p < 0.0079), though blood flow changes in SPCAs were minimal. With the addition of pentoxifylline at V3, PSV and EDV significantly improved across impaired SPCAs. No changes were noted in CDI parameters in the normal SPCAs.

conclusionsCombined therapy with topical IOP-lowering medications and oral pentoxifylline in NTG patients enhanced CDI parameters in vessels with initially impaired flow. This approach may provide a beneficial, vascular-targeted treatment for NTG management.

Indexed as

Ciliary ArteriesIntraocular PressureLow Tension GlaucomaPentoxifyllineRegional Blood FlowRetinal ArteryUltrasonography, Doppler, ColorAdministration, OralAgedAntihypertensive AgentsBlood Flow VelocityFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedAntihypertensive AgentsOphthalmic SolutionsPentoxifyllineVasodilator AgentsColor doppler imagingNormal tension glaucomaPentoxifillyneRetrobulbar blood flowShort posterior ciliary arteriesTopical therapy

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.