Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41729439›Full record

ArticleNano-micro letters2026

Novel Gradient p-Doping Strategy Enables Efficient Carbon-Based Hole Transport Layer-Free Perovskite Solar Cells.

Junwei Xiang, Siqi Jiang, Yanjie Cheng, Weiting Du, Yuan Shi, Song Shen, Bolun Zhang, Qian Yue, Xinyi Xu, Anyi Mei and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nano-micro letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Junwei Xiang *Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Siqi Jiang *Michael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Yanjie ChengMichael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Weiting DuMichael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Yuan ShiMichael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Song ShenMichael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Bolun ZhangMichael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Qian YueMichael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Xinyi XuMichael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Anyi MeiMichael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Yang ZhouMichael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China. yangz@hust.edu.cn.
Yinhua ZhouMichael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Hongwei HanMichael Grätzel Center for Mesoscopic Solar Cells, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China. hongwei.han@mail.hust.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Carbon-based hole transport layer-free (HTL-free) printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (p-MPSCs) are highly attractive for their low-cost and scalable fabrication. However, the intrinsically n-type nature of the perovskite, combined with the lack of an HTL, severely impedes hole extraction and limits device performance. In this work, we innovatively introduce a polymer with strong electron-withdrawing capability as an additive into p-MPSCs. Owing to its large molecular size, this polymer spontaneously forms a negative gradient distribution from top to bottom within the mesoporous scaffold during fabrication. This distribution creates a favorable gradient p-doping profile within p-MPSCs, which facilitates more efficient hole transport, a finding corroborated by combined device simulation and cross-sectional photoluminescence mapping. Consequently, the optimized p-MPSCs exhibit an average open-circuit voltage enhancement of over 50 mV, a steady-state power conversion efficiency of 21.56% and operational stability exceeding 1500 h at 55 °C under simulated 1-sun illumination using a halogen lamp without a UV filter.

Indexed as

Carbon electrodeCharge carrier dynamicsGradient p-dopingHole transport layer freePrintable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells

Identifiers

PMID41729439
PMCPMC12929742

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.