Evidence mapPaperPMID 41729916Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Changes in leisure time physical activity, obesity-related morbidities, fatal and non-fatal CVD events and total mortality: Over 20-year follow-up in the opera study.

Asla Suutari-Jääskö, Karri Parkkila, Hannu Vähänikkilä, Mikko Tulppo, Juha Perkiömäki, Heikki Huikuri, Olavi Ukkola

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Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Asla Suutari-JääsköResearch Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Karri ParkkilaResearch Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Hannu VähänikkiläNorthern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Mikko TulppoResearch Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5598-9109
Juha PerkiömäkiResearch Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Heikki HuikuriResearch Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Olavi UkkolaResearch Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7414-2608

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe impact of changes in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is not well-documented, especially when considering occupational physical activity (OPA). This study examines the effects of LTPA changes in workers with varying physical activity demands.

methodsPart of the OPERA study, we tracked morbidities for over 20 years (P1, from 1993 to 2014) and mortality for over 8 years (P2, from 2014 to 2021-2022) with 599 participants. They were categorized into four LTPA groups ("sedentary," "started," "quit," "active") and two OPA groups ("office workers" and "occupationally physically active").

resultsMaintaining regular LTPA was associated with lower incidence of hypertension, diabetes and metabolic syndrome (p-values 0.007, < 0.001 and <0.001 respectively). Non-fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events were more common (p = 0.006, HR 1.99, CI95% 1.22-3.26) in the "quit" group during P1, especially among "occupationally physically active" (p < 0.001, HR 2.29, CI95% 1.23-4.29). During P2, fatal CVD events were associated with being in the "sedentary" group (p = 0.042, HR 2.67, CI95% 1.04-7.03). This association was particularly evident among "office workers," where belonging to the "sedentary" and "quit" groups was associated with a higher risk of fatal CVD events (p = 0.017, HR 5.45, CI95%1.36-21.91, and p = 0.025, HR 4.55, CI95% 1.21-17.19, respectively). Furthermore, total mortality was associated with being in the "sedentary" or "quit" groups (p = 0.029, HR 3.69, CI95% 1.14-11.93, and p = 0.009, HR 4.61, CI95%1.47-14.49, respectively).

conclusionsStopping LTPA in middle age was associated to higher risk for non-fatal CVD events in "occupationally physically active" individuals. Fatal CVD events were associated with a sedentary lifestyle in whole study population. Among "office workers," both a sedentary lifestyle and stopping regular LTPA were associated with higher risks of fatal CVD events and all-cause mortality.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesExerciseLeisure ActivitiesObesityAdultFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID41729916
PMCPMC12928424

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.