Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41730832›Full record

SynthesisNutrition & diabetes2026

The association between steatotic liver disease and chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study highlighting metabolic comorbidities.

Xiang Ji, Jinguo Jiang, Yunyun Liu, Liuxin Li, Honghao Yang, Zheng Ma, Chenying Wang, Tingjing Zhang, Yuhong Zhao, Yashu Liu and 1 more

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nutrition & diabetes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xiang Ji *Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Jinguo Jiang *Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Yunyun LiuSchool of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Liuxin LiLiaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China.
Honghao YangLiaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China.ORCID 0009-0008-5232-5831
Zheng MaLiaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shenyang, China.
Chenying WangDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Tingjing ZhangSchool of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
Yuhong ZhaoDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6806-521X
Yashu LiuDepartment of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. yashu_liu@126.com.
Yang XiaDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. xytmu507@126.com.ORCID 0000-0001-8783-1592

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Steatotic liver disease (SLD)-a term encompassing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are major global health concerns. Metabolic factors, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are integral to the definitions of MAFLD and MASLD and may confound their association with CKD. This study aimed to update a meta-analysis on the association between SLD and CKD risk and to conduct a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal roles of SLD and metabolic factors in CKD. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to November 5, 2024, for eligible studies. Random-effects models were used to pool odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Two-sample MR was performed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary model, with additional methods applied for sensitivity analyses. A total of 34 studies involving 3,783,136 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated significant positive associations between MAFLD, NAFLD, and MASLD with CKD (MAFLD: OR 1.41 [1.07-1.84], RR 1.64 [1.39-1.94], HR 1.64 [1.39-1.94]; NAFLD: OR 1.19 [1.08-1.31], RR 1.66 [1.45-1.91], HR 1.43 [1.31-1.55]; MASLD: HR 1.34 [1.08-1.67]). These findings support a significant association between SLD (MAFLD, NAFLD, and MASLD) and an increased risk of CKD. However, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis found no causal effect of SLD on CKD risk. In contrast, genetically predicted metabolic factors-including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, type 2 diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-were significantly associated with an increased CKD risk. These findings suggest that metabolic dysfunction, rather than SLD itself, may be the main driver of CKD risk. This underscores the clinical importance of early screening and intervention for metabolic health in patients with SLD to reduce the burden of CKD.

Indexed as

Fatty LiverNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseRenal Insufficiency, ChronicComorbidityHumansMendelian Randomization AnalysisRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID41730832
PMCPMC12929794

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.