ArticleNature immunology2026
The immunometabolic topography of cellular organization and bacterial control in tuberculosis granulomas.
Article in Nature immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis: from immunological mechanisms to translational applications.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Human biomarker navigator.iMeta · 2026Review
- Therapeutic remodeling of the tuberculosis granuloma with 1-methyl-D-tryptophan enhances CD8Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Kynurenine Pathway in Tuberculosis: Focus on Immunometabolic Regulation, Compartment-Specific Biology, and Therapeutic Potential.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Direct bacterial transcript visualization illuminates spatiotemporal environmental adaptation ofScience advances · 2026Article
- Beyond adaptive immunity: Functional diversity of the type III-A CRISPR-Cas system inCell insight · 2026Review
- IFN𝛾 and IFN𝛾 mimetics prevent IFN-I-mediated TB susceptibility by regulating iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- NRF2-mediated inhibition of alveolar macrophage MHC II expression during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.Cell reports · 2026Article
- SPIC-dependent erythrophagocytic macrophages drive granuloma formation and pathogen persistence during intracellular bacterial infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- HowVaccines · 2026Review
- The automated computational workflow QUICHE reveals structural definitions of antitumor responses in triple-negative breast cancer.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Macrophage adaptation to hypoxia in the tuberculous granuloma potentiates mycobacterium-induced mitochondrial damage and granuloma necrosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Advances in Spatial Transcriptomics for Infectious Disease Research: Insight for Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Species-specific iNOS expression distinguishes epithelial and myeloid IFNγ responses in tuberculosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The role of long non-coding RNA HCP5 in ulcerative cutaneous tuberculosis therapy introduction.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Editorial: Vaccines and molecular therapeutics for tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Modeling immune responses of cattle tomSphere · 2025Article
- Therapeutic remodeling of the tuberculosis granuloma with 1-methyl-D-tryptophan enhances CD8bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Rankings of tuberculosis antibiotic treatment regimens are sensitive to spatial scale, detection limit, and initial host bacterial burden.Journal of theoretical biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
34 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite being heavily infiltrated by immune cells, tuberculosis (TB) granulomas often subvert the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and support bacterial persistence. Human TB granulomas are enriched for immunosuppressive factors typically associated with tumor-immune evasion, raising the possibility that they promote tolerance to infection. Here we identify candidate drivers for establishing this tolerogenic niche and show that the magnitude of this response correlates with bacterial persistence. We conducted a multimodal spatial analysis of 52 granulomas from 16 nonhuman primates infected with low-dose Mtb for 9-12 weeks. Each granuloma's bacterial burden was quantified individually, enabling us to assess how granuloma spatial structure and function relate to infection control. We found that a universal feature of TB granulomas is partitioning of the myeloid core into two distinct metabolic environments, one of which is hypoxic. This hypoxic environment is associated with pathological immune cell states, dysfunctional cellular organization of the granuloma, and a near-complete blockade of lymphocyte infiltration that would be required for a successful host response. The extent of these hypoxia-associated features correlates with higher bacterial burden. We conclude that hypoxia correlates with immune cell state and organization within granulomas and might subvert immunity to TB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.