Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41732161›Full record

ArticleNeuroimage. Reports2026

Sex differences in the three-dimensional morphology of unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Maarten J Kamphuis, Phebe J Groenheide, Laura T van der Kamp, Margot van Genderen, Ruben P A van Eijk, Jeroen Hendrikse, Gabriel J E Rinkel, Mervyn D I Vergouwen, Ynte M Ruigrok, Irene C van der Schaaf

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Article in Neuroimage. Reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Maarten J KamphuisDepartment of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Phebe J GroenheideDepartment of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Laura T van der KampDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Margot van GenderenDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Ruben P A van EijkDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Jeroen HendrikseDepartment of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Gabriel J E RinkelDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Mervyn D I VergouwenDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Ynte M RuigrokDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Irene C van der SchaafDepartment of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Women have a higher rupture risk of intracranial aneurysms than men. One possible explanation is that aneurysm volume and shape irregularity, both linked to rupture risk, may differ between women and men. We investigated this with 3-dimensional morphological aneurysm parameters. Methods: In a random sample of consecutive patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms diagnosed between 2008 and 2018, we quantified volume and shape parameters describing global (sphericity, elongation, and flatness) and local shape (shape index and curvedness) on CT or MR angiography scans. We compared these parameters between women and men (reference) with univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis (global parameters) and binary logistic regression analysis (local parameters). The multivariable analysis was adjusted for the confounders: age, hypertension, smoking status, aneurysm size, location, and imaging modality. Results: We included 326 patients (239 women [73%], mean age 58 years [SD 12 years]). Women had smaller aneurysm volumes than men in multivariable analysis (β -0.30 SD, 95%CI -0.55 to -0.06). The global shape parameters sphericity, elongation, and flatness were comparable between sexes. Of the local shape parameters, women had higher aneurysm shape index (OR 2.38, 95%CI 1.03 to 5.49) and lower curvedness (OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.29 to 0.88) in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: Women have intracranial aneurysms with smaller volumes and shape characteristics associated with lower rupture risk. Therefore, factors other than aneurysm morphology are likely responsible for the higher risk of aneurysm rupture in women.

Indexed as

Computed tomography angiographyIntracranial aneurysmMagnetic resonance angiographyRadiomicsSexSubarachnoid hemorrhage

Identifiers

PMID41732161
PMCPMC12925532

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.