Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41733209›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2026

Melt Electrowriting High Resolution Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Engineering.

Finn Snow, Darcy De Rauch, Lilith Mabel Caballero Aguilar, Darcy Millett, Jasley Wilding McBride, David R Nisbet, Magdalena Kita, Elena Pirogova, Robert Michail Ivan Kapsa, Anita Quigley

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Finn SnowDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5339-8109
Darcy De RauchDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4482-2625
Lilith Mabel Caballero AguilarAikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9662-0049
Darcy MillettDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9642-3694
Jasley Wilding McBrideDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
David R NisbetThe Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-0769
Magdalena KitaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5785-7000
Elena PirogovaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9422-1370
Robert Michail Ivan KapsaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6113-5174
Anita QuigleyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-2079

Funding

FSHD Global Research FoundationNational Health and Medical Research Council 2002723National Health and Medical Research Council 2038179
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Melt electrowriting (MEW) holds tremendous potential to advance regenerative engineering, yet its clinical translation is hindered by the inability to replicate the biomechanics of soft tissues. We present, for the first time, MEW of polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA), demonstrating its potential as a highly compliant and biocompatible polymer for high-resolution scaffold fabrication. Optimized printing parameters displayed a highly stable jet, enabling microscale fibers to be fabricated with pore sizes down to 100 µm, achieving the highest diameter-to-spacing ratio reported to date for elastic MEW polymers. MEW PEVA fibers exhibited markedly enhanced mechanical compliance under tensile loading, with 4-fold and 35-fold greater compliance than thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polycaprolactone (PCL), respectively, while maintaining yield strains comparable to TPU. Under compression, macroporous PEVA scaffolds showed an extended toe region of up to 75%, approximately 250-fold greater compliance than PCL, and yield strains exceeding 85%. PEVA scaffolds supported strong cell attachment and survival, with initial growth dynamics analogous to PCL and a significant increase in metabolic activity by day 7. This breakthrough establishes PEVA as a transformative material that overcomes the mechanical mismatch between MEW scaffolds and native soft tissues, expanding its translational potential for soft tissue engineering.

Indexed as

PolyvinylsTissue EngineeringTissue ScaffoldsAnimalsBiocompatible MaterialsCell AdhesionCell SurvivalPolyestersTensile StrengthBiocompatible Materialsethylenevinylacetate copolymerpolycaprolactonePolyestersPolyvinylsbiomaterialsmelt electrowritingpolyethylene vinyl acetatescaffoldsskeletal muscletissue engineering

Identifiers

PMID41733209
PMCPMC13175299

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.