Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41733655›Full record

Trial reportOrthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany)2026

Postoperative pain after joint replacement surgery : A randomized controlled trial of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation and the role of depression and anxiety.

Lena Puhl, Claudio Christoph, Rosa Butzlaff, Caroline Rometsch, Christoph H Lohmann, Markus Ullsperger, Florian Junne, Christian Riediger

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Lena PuhlDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. puhl@uni-hildesheim.de.
Claudio ChristophDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
Rosa ButzlaffDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
Caroline RometschDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
Christoph H LohmannDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
Markus UllspergerOtto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Institute of Psychology, Magdeburg, Germany.
Florian JunneDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
Christian RiedigerDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic postoperative pain is a common and often insufficiently treated complication that is closely linked with depressive and anxiety symptoms.

objectiveTo investigate whether transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) reduces postoperative pain and if depressive or anxiety symptoms modulate the treatment effects.

methodsIn a three-arm, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 44 patients undergoing joint replacement surgery were allocated to an intervention group (n = 15), sham group (n = 17), or treatment as usual (TAU) control group (n = 12). Assessments were conducted at hospital admission (T

resultsThere were no significant main or interaction effects of group, time, or group × time on pain intensity (F(2,18) = 0.04, p = 0.959, η2 = 0.003; F(1,18) = 0.89, p = 0.358, η2 = 0.015). The PHQ‑9 scores showed trends for group and time effects (F(2,21) = 5.96, p = 0.009, η2 = 0.322; F(1,21) = 5.06, p = 0.035, η2 = 0.038). The GAD‑7 did not reveal significant effects. Moderation analyses did not indicate any significant effects of depressive or anxiety symptoms on pain change and combined moderation was not significant either.

conclusionIn the present study, taVNS did not reduce postoperative pain and showed no moderating effects of depression or anxiety. Standardization of stimulation parameters, inclusion of psychological and somatic comorbidities and longer high-frequency follow-up periods are needed for future studies.

Indexed as

AnxietyDepressionPostoperative PainTranscutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationVagus Nerve StimulationAgedDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPain MeasurementTreatment OutcomeArthroplastyMental comorbidityNeuromodulationPain managementVagus nerve stimulation

Identifiers

PMID41733655
PMCPMC13230338

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.