Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41733760›Full record

ReviewCurrent atherosclerosis reports2026

From Inflammation to Targeted Therapy: Leveraging Neutrophil, Platelet, RBC, and Macrophage Biology for Nanocarrier in Atherosclerosis.

Farshad Heydari, Michael R Hamblin, Jalal Naghinezhad

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current atherosclerosis reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Farshad HeydariBlood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Next to the Milad Tower, Hemmat Exp. Way, P.O.Box: 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran.
Michael R HamblinLaser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa. hamblin.lab@gmail.com.
Jalal NaghinezhadBlood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Next to the Milad Tower, Hemmat Exp. Way, P.O.Box: 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran. jalalalinaghinezhad@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewCell hitchhiking harnesses endogenous circulating cells as programmable carriers to achieve precise, lesion-targeted nanotherapeutic delivery in atherosclerosis. This review examines the mechanistic basis and translational strategies of neutrophil-, platelet-, macrophage-, and red blood cell–based systems, emphasizing their potential to convert the plaque microenvironment from a therapeutic barrier into a receptive target. RECENT

findingsHitchhiking modalities—including surface anchoring, internalization, and membrane cloaking—exploit innate trafficking cues and pathophysiologic triggers such as oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteases, acidic pH, and shear stress to achieve site-specific payload release. Preclinical studies in ApoE⁻/⁻ and large-animal models demonstrate enhanced plaque accumulation, reduced lipid burden, and improved stability using neutrophil-ferried ROS scavengers, platelet-mimetic rapamycin carriers, and macrophage-anchored lipid modulators. These biohybrid platforms benefit from prolonged circulation via CD47-mediated immune evasion and are compatible with PET/MRI theranostics. Hitchhiking strategies address the limitations of conventional nanotherapies by combining active targeting, prolonged bioavailability, and localized release, yet translation faces challenges including off-target immune activation, thrombogenicity, donor variability, and manufacturing hurdles. Standardized preclinical comparisons, rigorous hemocompatibility testing, imaging-guided trials, and hybrid dual-responsive carriers may optimize efficacy and safety. By integrating cellular biology with nanomaterial engineering and regulatory considerations, cell hitchhiking represents a precision approach for durable plaque stabilization and reduced cardiovascular risk.

Indexed as

AtherosclerosisBlood PlateletsErythrocytesInflammationMacrophagesNanoparticlesNeutrophilsAnimalsDrug Delivery SystemsHumansPlaque, AtheroscleroticAtherosclerosisCell hitchhikingNanoparticle deliveryTargeted drug delivery

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.