ArticleCellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)2026
Peripheral blood immune cell subsets as non-invasive biomarkers of colorectal cancer stage, laterality, metastasis and survival.
Article in Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Immune Checkpoint-Based Therapies in Colorectal Cancer-Current Approaches and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeColorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease in which immune dynamics critically influence tumour progression and patient outcomes; however, the relationship between circulating immune cell subsets, immune checkpoints (ICs) expression, and clinical parameters remains poorly defined.
methodsIn this study, we employed a high-dimensional spectral flow cytometry approach to analyse peripheral whole blood samples from 16 CRC patients, profiling 918 immune populations across both innate and adaptive compartments. Immune profiles were stratified by tumour stage (I vs. II–III), anatomical location (colon vs. rectum; right- vs. left-sided), and three-year metastasis and survival outcomes. Data analysis included unsupervised clustering, multiple t-tests, volcano plots, ROC curve analysis and logistic regression models.
resultsPreliminary patterns suggested associations between specific immune populations and clinical features: locally advanced-stage disease (stages II and III) tended to show higher frequencies of CD134+CD4+ conventional T cells and CCR6- CD161+CD57-CD8+natural killer T cells; rectal tumours were appeared enriched in regulatory T cells and basophils, and right- and left-sided colon cancers exhibited divergent CD4+CD8+ T cell distributions. Metastatic patients displayed an abundance of CD152+ CD14+ monocytes. Mortality correlated with the presence of CD141- CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells and CD4-CD8- Conventional T cells.
conclusionAll immune signatures demonstrated perfect classification, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 1.000. Despite the limited size of the cohort, these findings provide preliminary evidence for the potential of peripheral immune profiling as a non-invasive approach for prognostication and patient stratification in CRC.
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