Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41735190›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of dental hygiene2026

The Association of Periodontitis With Cardiovascular Disease Parameters: A Synthesis of Systematic Reviews.

Max G P Schoenmakers, Lotte P M Weijdijk, Eveline J S Willems, Fridus G A van der Weijden, Dagmar Else Slot

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of dental hygiene, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Max G P SchoenmakersDepartment of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1783-1439
Lotte P M WeijdijkDepartment of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7910-9778
Eveline J S WillemsDepartment of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-6048
Fridus G A van der WeijdenDepartment of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5075-8384
Dagmar Else SlotDepartment of Periodontology Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7234-0037

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

focused questionWhat is the association of periodontal disease (PerioD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD/CVE) as reported in existing systematic reviews (SRs)?

methodsMEDLINE-PubMed and Cochrane-CENTRAL databases were searched. Papers that primarily evaluate cardiovascular parameters of CVD and CVE in PerioD patients compared to non-PerioD individuals were included. Data and conclusions as presented in the selected papers were extracted and the potential risk of bias was estimated. A descriptive analysis of the meta-analyses of the selected studies was conducted. A citation analysis was performed, the Bradford Hill criteria were assessed and the acquired evidence was graded.

resultsIndependent screening of 446 reviews resulted in 19 eligible SRs. These were categorised into 13 reviews evaluating CVD and eight evaluating CVE. In total 27 meta-analyses were obtained, the majority (78%) of reported risk ratios and odds ratios are estimated to show a negligible magnitude of the association of PerioD and CVD. For CVE, 46% of the values of the association are considered to be of small magnitude as emerging from 23 meta-analyses. For factors such as gender, age, PerioD severity, smoking status and geographic region, the statistical significance and magnitude of the association varied. Given the results, a definitive confirmation of causality according to the Bradford Hill criteria was not attainable. With moderate certainty, a predominantly negligible to small magnitude of the association of PerioD and CVD/CVE was identified.

conclusionBased on data collected from existing SRs, the association between PerioD and CVD/CVE was generally observed to be of negligible to small magnitude. Additionally, the data does not confirm potential causality.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesPeriodontitisHumansRisk Factorscardiovascular diseasescardiovascular eventscausalitymeta reviewperiodontitisumbrella review

Identifiers

PMID41735190
PMCPMC13050389

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.