Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41735642›Full record

ReviewTropical animal health and production2026

A comprehensive review on Mithun (Bos frontalis): a keystone species in sustainable livelihoods of the eastern Himalayas and Indo-Burma region.

Youngmei Arolim, Harshit Kumar, Sapunii Stephen Hanah, Tapas Kumar Biswas, Kathiravan Periasamy, Kuluve Chotso, Jayanta Kumar Chamuah, Girish Patil Shivanagowda

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Tropical animal health and production, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Youngmei ArolimICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
Harshit KumarICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, 797106, India. kumarharshit1103@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7833-3329
Sapunii Stephen HanahICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, 797106, India.
Tapas Kumar BiswasICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, 700037, India.
Kathiravan PeriasamyICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, 797106, India.
Kuluve ChotsoSchool of Engineering and Technology, Nagaland University, Kohima, Nagaland, 797004, India.
Jayanta Kumar ChamuahICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, 797106, India.
Girish Patil ShivanagowdaICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, 797106, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mithun (Bos frontalis), a unique semi-domesticated bovine of the Eastern Himalayas and Indo-Burma region, plays a critical role in sustaining forest-based agroecosystems and tribal livelihoods, yet remains under-researched. This review synthesizes multidisciplinary research encompassing husbandry, nutrition, reproductive biology, genomic architecture, health management, and ecological adaptations of Mithun. A systematic analysis of published literature, including molecular, physiological, and ethnographic studies, was conducted to identify knowledge gaps and emerging opportunities. Key findings reveal Mithun’s superior meat and milk composition, exceptional adaptation to rugged forest terrains, and valuable genetic traits linked to disease resistance, hypoxia tolerance, and efficient fibre digestion. Technological advances in reproductive biotechnologies (e.g. semen cryopreservation, estrus synchronization), genomic characterization, and microbiome profiling have provided new insights into its productivity and conservation. However, challenges such as habitat loss, genetic erosion, zoonotic risks, and low institutional support constrain its sustainable utilization. This review emphasizes the urgent need to integrate traditional knowledge with modern interventions for conservation breeding, nutrition-sensitive agroforestry systems, and decentralized health management. Strengthening Mithun as a climate-resilient livestock species can enhance both biodiversity preservation and socio-economic resilience in fragile montane ecosystems.

Indexed as

Animal HusbandryConservation of Natural ResourcesAnimalsCattleHimalayasIndiaAgroforestry systemsBiodiversity conservationBos frontalisKeystone speciesSustainable livelihoods

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.