Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41735850›Full record

ArticleBMC gastroenterology2026

Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis: clinical features and independent predictors of histopathological confirmation via EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration/fine-needle biopsy.

Xiaorong Tian, Jiayu Li, Dongling Wan, Yuyan Zhou, Deyu Zhang, Liqi Sun, Hanxiao Cui, Jiaheng Xu, Zhenghui Yang, Mengruo Jiang and 4 more

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Xiaorong Tian *Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
Jiayu Li *Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Dongling Wan *Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Yuyan Zhou *Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Deyu ZhangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Liqi SunDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Hanxiao CuiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Jiaheng XuDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Zhenghui YangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Mengruo JiangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Wanshun LiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Chao LiuDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
Haojie HuangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. Hhuanghaojie@163.com.
Zhendong JinDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. zhendongjin@163.com.

Funding

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82370655the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82370658; 82170657
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn diagnosing type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), serum IgG4 (sIgG4) can be false-negative. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS-FNA/FNB) pathology is key for diagnosis, but clinical features’ impact on pathologic confirmation is unclear. This study analyzed their link and factors improve diagnostic accuracy.

methodsWe analyzed data from a single-center retrospective study at Changhai Hospital (Jan 2009-Jan 2024). Type 1 AIP was diagnosed per International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria (ICDC). Patients with surgical diagnosis, no EUS, or incomplete biopsy data were excluded; eligible cases were grouped into “Confirmed”/“Unconfirmed” per ICDC. Baseline data, laboratory indicators, imaging, and EUS-FNA/FNB data were collected. Statistical analyses (ROC, χ² tests, multivariate logistic regression) were done with R 4.4.0.

resultsA total of 182 suspected type 1 AIP patients were enrolled; 84.07% were male, 88.46% middle-aged/elderly. Common symptoms: abdominal discomfort (65.93%), obstructive jaundice (43.41%). sIgG4 > 2×ULN (twice upper normal limit) occurred in 64.84%. Multivariate analysis: pathological confirmation rate 65.12% (EUS-FNB) vs. 18.75% (EUS-FNA) (P < .001, former higher). For IgG4-positive cells: 82.56% confirmation rate (> 10 cells/high-power field[HPF]) vs. 16.67% (< 10 cells/HPF) (P < .001). EUS-FNB (OR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.55–8.18, P = .003) and IgG4-positive cell count (> 10 cells/HPF) (OR = 15.71, 95% CI: 6.96–35.46, P < .001) were independent confirmation predictors. Gender, age, sIgG4 had limited value; renal involvement, retroperitoneal fibrosis were auxiliary indicators.

conclusionsFollowing systematic multi-dimensional factor screening, pathological confirmation of type 1 AIP relies on two key factors: EUS-FNB and histopathological detection of IgG4-positive cells (> 10 cells/HPF). Integrating these core diagnostic modalities with additional indicators—such as auxiliary markers of extrapancreatic involvement (e.g., renal involvement)—further enhances diagnostic precision, which facilitates the refinement of clinical diagnostic workflows for type 1 AIP.

Indexed as

Autoimmune PancreatitisEndoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle AspirationAbdominal PainAdultAgedFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GJaundice, ObstructiveMaleMiddle AgedPancreasRetrospective StudiesImmunoglobulin GDiagnostic accuracyEUS-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB)HistopathologyIgG4-positive cell countType 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (type 1 AIP)

Identifiers

PMID41735850
PMCPMC13040973

What Socratic holds

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