Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41735982›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2026

A new framework to consider equity in urban intervention planning, implementation and evaluation: development and application in a case study on an urban play spaces policy.

Jenny Ahrens, Maddie White, Sonja Jeram, Gordana Ristovska, Jeroen Koning, Helene Gudi-Mindermann, Justus Tönnies, Gesa Czwikla, Miriam Weber, Gabriele Bolte

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jenny AhrensInstitute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Maddie WhiteInstitute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Sonja JeramNational Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Gordana RistovskaInstitute of Public Health of the Republic of North Macedonia, Skopje, North Macedonia.
Jeroen KoningCity of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Helene Gudi-MindermannInstitute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Justus TönniesInstitute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Gesa CzwiklaInstitute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Miriam WeberCity of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Gabriele BolteInstitute of Public Health and Nursing Research, Department of Social Epidemiology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany. gabriele.bolte@uni-bremen.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-5059

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImproving population health while addressing social inequalities is a key challenge for public health strategies, particularly in urban settings. Effective interventions must consider the unequal distribution of both beneficial and harmful environmental exposures, as well as differential vulnerabilities. The Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach emphasises the role of multiple sectors in shaping health outcomes. To ensure equity, interventions should be assessed for their impact on social inequalities in health, considering the dimensions of environmental justice. We therefore developed a framework, consisting of a logic model of the intervention process with an equity-lens, to incorporate equity aspects into urban interventions to prevent the creation or exacerbation of health-relevant inequities in the urban environment.

methodsThe framework was developed through extensive literature searches, inter- and transdisciplinary discussions and with expert knowledge. In this paper, we demonstrate its applicability using the example of a case study focussing on planning and implementation of play spaces in Utrecht, NL.

resultsIncorporating equity into practice is challenging and requires interdisciplinary efforts to bridge the gap between theoretical consideration of equity aspects and the actual realisation in an intervention process. Our comprehensive framework addresses all phases of urban interventions (initial situation, planning, implementation, evaluation), emphasises environmental justice, and incorporates the HiAP approach, making it a versatile tool for equity assessment across sectors. Applying the framework to the case study revealed previously overlooked equity aspects and highlights how thorough consideration of equity aspects in urban intervention planning, implementation and evaluation will promote health equity.

conclusionsThe new framework consisting of a generic logic model and an equity-lens can be adapted to and specified for urban interventions to address equity-relevant issues. In the context of sustainable urban development, the framework is intended to support integrating social and health equity as fundamental principles for the planning, implementation and evaluation of interventions.

Indexed as

City PlanningHealth EquityHumansNetherlandsOrganizational Case StudiesProgram EvaluationSocial JusticeSocioeconomic Disparities in HealthUrban HealthEnvironmental justiceEvaluationHealth equityImplementationIntersectionalityInterventionLogic modelUrban planning

Identifiers

PMID41735982
PMCPMC12930818

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.