Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41736285›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Association of type 2 diabetes treatment status with in vivo biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

Muge Akinci, Froogh Aziz, Diana Guzman, Lina Cheung, Jian X Kong, Stephanie Silver, Joseph Eimicke, Jeanne A Teresi, Adam M Brickman, Patrick Lao and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Disentangling treatment status from disease severity in studies of diabetes and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Muge AkinciDepartment of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-933X
Froogh AzizDepartment of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Diana GuzmanTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Lina CheungTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Jian X KongDepartment of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Stephanie SilverDepartment of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Joseph EimickeDepartment of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Jeanne A TeresiDepartment of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Adam M BrickmanTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Patrick LaoTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
José A LuchsingerDepartment of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.

Funding

Research Methods and Measurement CoreP30AG028741 · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · 2025 to 2025
$1.3M
Understanding the mechanisms linking small vessel cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology with neurodegeneration and cognition during midlifeR00AG065506 · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · 2025 to 2025
$244k
Columbia Alzheimer's Disease Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research P30AG059303Cornell Roybal Center-Translational Research Institute on Pain in Later Life P30AG022845Manly and BrickmanMorrison and AldrichNIA NIH HHS P30 AG028741NIA NIH HHS R00 AG065506NIA NIH HHS R00AG065506Pepper Older Americans Independence Center 1P30AG028741Reid and WethingtonUnited States National Institutes of Health K24AG045334United States National Institutes of Health P30AG059303United States National Institutes of Health R01AG050440United States National Institutes of Health R01AG055299United States National Institutes of Health RF1AG051556United States National Institutes of Health ULT1TR001873
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe association of type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. We examined T2D treatment status in relation to amyloid beta (Aβ) burden and AD-related downstream processes.

methodsThis cross-sectional study included 546 cognitively unimpaired adults (mean age = 64.2 ± 3.2 years, 65% women), classified into normal glucose tolerance (NGT; hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] < 5.7%), prediabetes/untreated T2D (HbA1c ≥ 5.7%), and treated T2D groups. Multiple regression analyses assessed group differences in Aβ (

resultsCompared to the NGT group, prediabetes/untreated T2D had greater anterior/posterior cingulate and superior parietal cortex Aβ burden, whereas treated T2D had lower cortical thickness and greater WMHs, independent of demographics and apolipoprotein E ε4 status. No group differences were found in tau or memory outcomes. DISCUSSION: Prediabetes/untreated T2D, but not treated T2D, was associated with early Aβ deposition. Diabetes medications may mitigate brain Aβ burden.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AgedAmyloid beta-PeptidesAniline CompoundsBiomarkersBrainCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedPositron-Emission TomographyPrediabetic StateAmyloid beta-PeptidesAniline CompoundsBiomarkersGlycated HemoglobinStilbenestau ProteinsAlzheimer's pathologyamyloid beta positron emission tomographycognitiondiabetes treatmentneurodegenerationprediabetestau positron emission tomographytype 2 diabeteswhite matter hyperintensity

Identifiers

PMID41736285
PMCPMC12932909

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.