Evidence mapPaperPMID 41737151Full record

ArticlePatient preference and adherence2026

Cognitive and Behavioral Transformation in Type 2 Diabetes Through a Self-Efficacy-Focused Structured Education Program: A Descriptive Qualitative Study.

Xinjun Jiang, Hua Jiang, Rongsong Tang, Mingzi Li

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Patient preference and adherence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xinjun JiangSchool of Nursing, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
Hua JiangSchool of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0002-3264-990X
Rongsong TangDepartment of Endocrinology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Mingzi LiSchool of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: To explore how adults with type 2 diabetes perceived and sustained self-management 12 months after completing a Self-Efficacy-Focused Structured Education Program (SSEP). Methods: A descriptive qualitative design was employed. Seventeen participants from a multicenter randomized controlled trial in China completed in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis with NVivo 11. Results: Five researcher-constructed themes were identified: (1) restructuring of diabetes cognition, (2) enhancement of self-efficacy, (3) reshaping of mindset through learning, (4) reconstruction and internalization of behaviors, and (5) factors influencing behavioral persistence. Participants experienced a cognitive-behavioral transformation in which reflective learning facilitated sustained behavioral change. Conclusion: The findings reveal a dual-process mechanism: reflective System 2 learning evolved into automatic System 1 habits supported by heuristic tools. Integrating contextual cues, visual prompts, and mobile-based nudges into future SSEP delivery may enhance habit formation and long-term adherence. Combining reflective training with ongoing family and community support could further strengthen diabetes self-management behaviors sustainability.

Indexed as

cognitive restructuringdual-process perspectivequalitative researchself-efficacy-focused structured educationself-management behaviorstype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41737151
PMCPMC12927840

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.