Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41737547›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in pharmacology2026

Global Panoramic analysis of clinical research in cell therapy: clinical trial landscape, marketed products, and regulatory trends.

Mengmeng Wang, Tiange Zhou, Sijia Liu, Wanwan Xiang, Kewen Xie, Xiaoqiong Zhang, Wenxin Hu, Mengling Fang, Ziyue Zhang, Meimei Chen and 2 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Mengmeng WangInstitution for Drug Clinical Trials, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Tiange ZhouInstitution for Drug Clinical Trials, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Sijia LiuInstitution for Drug Clinical Trials, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Wanwan XiangInstitution for Drug Clinical Trials, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Kewen XieFu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
Xiaoqiong ZhangInstitution for Drug Clinical Trials, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Wenxin HuInstitution for Drug Clinical Trials, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Mengling FangInstitution for Drug Clinical Trials, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Ziyue ZhangInstitution for Drug Clinical Trials, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Meimei ChenInstitution for Drug Clinical Trials, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Xi WangInstitution for Drug Clinical Trials, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Jiancai WuInstitution for Drug Clinical Trials, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Cell therapy is a vital field in modern medicine. This review assesses its global clinical development landscape, approved products, and regional regulatory characteristics. Methods: A comprehensive search and analysis of global clinical trial databases (e.g., https://clinicaltrials.gov/ClinicalTrials.gov), regulatory agency announcements, and relevant literature up to October 2025 was conducted. Key data points regarding trial numbers, phases, therapy types, and approved products were extracted and analyzed descriptively by region. Results: A cumulative total of 10,373 cell therapy clinical trials were identified worldwide, with primary distribution across the United States (3,563 trials), China (3,365 trials), and Europe (1,584 trials). Oncology (56.1%) and immune system diseases (9.3%) were the main research focuses. Immune cell therapy (5,167 trials) and stem cell therapy (4,796 trials) received comparable attention, with CAR-T therapy (2,409 trials) being prominent within the former, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, 1,904 trials) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs, 1,550 trials) dominating the latter. Since 2016, China has led in the number of clinical trials, particularly in CAR-T research. Europe had a significantly higher proportion of Phase III trials compared to China and the US. The US led in the approval of HSC-based drugs. Approved immune cell drugs are predominantly CAR-T products for hematological malignancies, originating mainly from the US and China. Approved stem cell drugs are primarily HSC and MSC products, authorized in the US, Japan, South Korea, and China, covering indications such as graft-versus-host disease. Other somatic cell therapies are established for skin repair, bone disorders, and ophthalmology, with South Korea leading in skin-related products. Discussion: These findings reveal distinct regional strengths and strategic emphases in cell therapy development. The observed patterns are significantly influenced by heterogeneous regulatory frameworks across regions. The global industry is advancing the translation of cell therapy from cutting-edge technology to accessible clinical application through the synergy of scientific innovation and evolving regulatory pathways.

Indexed as

CAR-Tcell therapyclinical trialsmarketed productsregulatory trends

Identifiers

PMID41737547
PMCPMC12926371

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.