Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41737638›Full record

ArticleBioactive materials2026

Spatiotemporally engineered microneedle for microenvironment remodeling propels mucosal regeneration after tracheal mucosal injury.

Pengli Wang, Zheng Ci, Enmin Zhao, Chuang Hu, Baiyi Chen, Erji Gao, Qitao Bo, Chengyu Bian, Yaqiang Li, Xiao Song and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioactive materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Pengli WangDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200430, China.
Zheng CiDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Enmin ZhaoDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200430, China.
Chuang HuDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Baiyi ChenDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200430, China.
Erji GaoDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200430, China.
Qitao BoDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200430, China.
Chengyu BianDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200430, China.
Yaqiang LiDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200430, China.
Xiao SongDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200430, China.
Guangdong ZhouDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai, 200011, China.
Tingting XuCollege of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
Liang DuanDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200430, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Remodeling the mucosal microenvironment is a pivotal step in severe tracheal mucosal injury (TMI), which may initiate a cascade of pathological events such as infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, and microvascular disruption. Current therapeutic strategies for TMI primarily focus on anti-infective or anti-inflammatory pathways, or relay on surgical interventions for complications such as stenosis. However, precise modulation of the mucosal microenvironment remains insufficient, and the unique anatomy of trachea hampers drug delivery and therapeutic concentrations maintenance. To address these challenges, a spatiotemporally engineered bilayer microneedle (MN) was developed based on silver nicotinate (AgNA) and magnesium gallate (MgGA) metal organic frameworks (MOFs) functionalized gelatin (Gel). Temporally, Gel-AgNA/MgGA MN exhibited sustained therapeutic activity through sequential degradation of Gel and MOFs. Spatially, layered loading of AgNA and MgGA MOFs enabled targeted modulation of mucosal microenvironment. Moreover, Gel-AgNA/MgGA MN efficiently penetrated mucosa and adhered firmly to tissue surface. In vitro, AgNA MOFs within MN base eradicated bacteria. MgGA MOFs within MN tips reduced ROS accumulation, promoted M2 macrophage polarization, and upregulated angiogenic genes expression. In vivo, Gel-AgNA/MgGA MN improved survival rate, restored respiratory function, and facilitated epithelium and microvascular regeneration in rabbits. This study provides insights into mucosal microenvironment remodeling and offers a potential therapeutic strategy for TMI.

Indexed as

Metal-organic frameworksMicroenvironmentMicroneedleSpatiotemporal regulationTracheal mucosal injury

Identifiers

PMID41737638
PMCPMC12927103

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.