ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2025
The evolving mpox threat (2022-2024): clade dynamics, immune evasion, and escalating global health challenges.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Design, Synthesis, and Antiviral Evaluation of Novel 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Structural Insights into the Impact of the M142I Mutation in Monkeypox Virus G9 Protein on Subcomplex Formation Revealed by AlphaFold 3 Modeling.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The 2022-2024 global Mpox outbreak, declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, marks a pivotal shift in the virus's epidemiology, extending beyond its traditional endemic regions in Africa. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the evolving Mpox threat, analyzing the dynamics of MPXV clades (I, Ia/Ib, II, IIa/IIb), with a focus on the enhanced transmissibility of the emergent Clade Ib variant linked to APOBEC3-mediated mutations. We detail the virus's genetic and structural characteristics, its unique cytoplasmic replication cycle, and sophisticated immune evasion strategies, including the interference with type I interferon signaling and modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The review examines changing transmission paradigms, highlighting the role of sustained human-to-human and sexual transmission in recent outbreaks, and discusses the clinical spectrum of disease, from classic febrile rash to atypical presentations and severe outcomes in immunocompromised individuals. A significant portion of this analysis is dedicated to the profound implications for reproductive health, covering vertical transmission with high rates of fetal loss, viral persistence in semen, and potential impacts on fertility. We evaluate current diagnostic standards, such as PCR, alongside emerging techniques, and assess the efficacy of antiviral therapies, including tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir. The status of vaccination, from second-generation (ACAM2000) to third-generation (MVA-BN and LC16m8) platforms, is critically appraised for its role in outbreak control. Furthermore, we explore the successes and hurdles of public health strategies, including surveillance, contact tracing, and community engagement, in managing stigma and ensuring equity. The review concludes by outlining future perspectives, emphasizing the urgent need for enhanced surveillance, accessible countermeasures, and research into broad-spectrum antivirals and vaccines to prepare for the ongoing threat of MPXV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.