ArticleGerodontology2026
Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Oral Frailty Index-8 for Turkish Older Adults.
Article in Gerodontology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionOral frailty, a multidimensional decline in oral function involving chewing, swallowing, and oral behaviours, is a recognised precursor of dysphagia, malnutrition, and physical frailty. The Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8) is a brief self-report screening tool for assessing oral frailty. This study's aim is to adapt the OFI-8 into Turkish (OFI-8-TR) and evaluate its psychometric properties among older adults.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 341 adults aged ≥ 65 years attending a geriatrics outpatient clinic. Internal consistency (KR-20), test-retest reliability (ICC), and construct validity (convergent, known-groups, and confirmatory factor analyses) were evaluated. Comparator measures included the FRAIL (Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illnesses, and Loss of weight) scale, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10), Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), and Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF).
resultsThe OFI-8-TR showed acceptable internal consistency (KR-20 = 0.62) and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.898). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor model (Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.93, Goodness-of-Fit Index (GFI) = 0.95, adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index (AGFI) = 0.91). Convergent validity was confirmed through strong correlations with the EAT-10 (r = 0.63) and FOIS (r = -0.62), and moderate correlations with FRAIL, CFS, and MNA-SF in the expected directions. Known-groups validity showed significantly higher scores among participants with malnutrition or risk of malnutrition.
conclusionsThe OFI-8-TR is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing oral frailty and identifying swallowing-related and nutritional vulnerability in older adults. Its brevity and multidimensional structure make it a practical screening tool for routine geriatric assessments to support early identification of swallowing- and nutrition-related vulnerability.
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