Evidence mapPaperPMID 41738576Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2026

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Selected Cancers: A Danish National Register-based Cohort Study.

Lana Rashid Flachs Madsen, Ulrik Schiøler Kesmodel, Karoline Kragelund Nielsen, Peter Damm, Jeannet Lauenborg

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Lana Rashid Flachs MadsenDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Nykøbing F, Nykøbing F 4800, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-0120-2638
Ulrik Schiøler KesmodelDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg 9000, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0003-3868-106X
Karoline Kragelund NielsenDepartment of Prevention, Health Promotion & Community Care, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev 2730, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-4058-0615
Peter DammDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-2067-5246
Jeannet LauenborgDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Nykøbing F, Nykøbing F 4800, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-8485-3793

Funding

Health Foundation, Denmark 17-B-0291Herlev HospitalRegion Zealand R24A1422Region Zealand´s Health Science Research Foundation R19A260B162Steno Diabetes Center SjaellandUniversity of Copenhagen
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common medical complication of pregnancy and is associated with type 2 diabetes, which is associated with breast cancer and kidney cancer. However, little is known about the risk of cancer following a GDM diagnosis.

objectiveThis study aimed to test the hypothesis that a history of GDM associates with increased risk of breast, gynecological, thyroid, and kidney cancer.

methodsNational cohort study, based on Danish registry data. The study population included a group of women exposed to GDM in their pregnancy leading to delivery between 2000 and 2019 or 1978 and 1997 and a 1:10 matched nonexposed group, matched on calendar period of delivery, the woman´s age (birth year), and the woman´s registered region of residence at delivery. Poisson regression adjusting for educational level was conducted.

resultsOf the 314 742 deliveries included, 28 613 deliveries were in the exposed group and 286 129 in the nonexposed. The median follow-up time was 8.1 years. We found no increased risk of the selected cancers combined [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.94-1.18], breast cancer (aIRR 1.02; 95% CI, 0.89-1.17), gynecological cancer (aIRR 1.00; 95% CI, 0.79-1.26), or thyroid cancer (aIRR 1.26; 95% CI, 0.86-1.82). However, an increased risk of kidney cancer was seen in women with previous GDM compared with women without GDM (aIRR 1.92; 95% CI, 1.10-3.33), although it was a very small absolute risk.

conclusionNo elevated risk was found for the selected cancers combined. Women with previous GDM had an increased risk of kidney cancer, a rare cancer form.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsDiabetes, GestationalGenital Neoplasms, FemaleKidney NeoplasmsNeoplasmsThyroid NeoplasmsAdultCohort StudiesDenmarkFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMiddle AgedPregnancyRegistriesbreastcancergestational diabetes mellitusgynecologicalkidneythyroid

Identifiers

PMID41738576
PMCPMC13271805

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.