Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41741949›Full record

ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2026

Trends in Use of Obesity Medications and Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Among All of Us Participants From 2003 to 2023.

Olajide A Adekunle, Phuc Le, Christopher Boyer, Hamlet Gasoyan, Dev Yash Gupta, Ha T Tran, Yihua Yue, Michael B Rothberg

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Olajide A AdekunleCenter for Value-Based Care Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Primary Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2627-300X
Phuc LeCenter for Value-Based Care Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Primary Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Christopher BoyerDepartment of Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1101-2045
Hamlet GasoyanCenter for Value-Based Care Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Primary Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1627-9777
Dev Yash GuptaDepartment of Economics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Ha T TranCenter for Value-Based Care Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Primary Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Yihua YueCobbs Creek Healthcare, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA.
Michael B RothbergCenter for Value-Based Care Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Primary Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the trends in antiobesity medication (AOM) and metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) use relative to the 2013 American Medical Association (AMA) declaration of obesity as a chronic disease and semaglutide approval in 2021 in the United States.

methodsWe employed a repeated cross-sectional design to analyze national electronic health records (EHR) of US adults (≥ 18 years) with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m

resultsAOM rates increased by 0.31%/year (95% CI, 0.25%, 0.37%) after 2013 and further increased by 1.42%/year (95% CI, 1.16%, 1.68%) after 2021. MBS use declined by 0.10%/year (95% CI, -0.15%, -0.04%) before 2013. Semaglutide approval was not associated with MBS use decline after 2021. After 2013, patients with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m

conclusionsThe declaration increased AOM use and, to a lesser extent, MBS use. Semaglutide approval increased AOM use but had no impact on MBS use.

Indexed as

Anti-Obesity AgentsBariatric SurgeryObesityAdultBody Mass IndexCross-Sectional StudiesElectronic Health RecordsFemaleGlucagon-Like PeptidesHumansMaleMiddle AgedOverweightSemaglutideUnited StatesAnti-Obesity AgentsGlucagon-Like PeptidesSemaglutidemetabolic and bariatric surgeryobesityobesity medicationstrends

Identifiers

PMID41741949
PMCPMC13032055

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.