Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41742321›Full record

ArticleMicrobiome2026

Human DNA levels in feces reflect gut inflammation and associate with presence of gut species in IBD patients across the age spectrum.

Chiara Mazzoni, Bracha-Lea Ochana, Esther Orlanski-Meyer, Ami Ben Ya'acov, Gili Focht, Esty Harpenas, Shimrit Shmorak, Oren Ledder, Raffi Lev-Tzion, Ruth Shemer and 3 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microbiome, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Chiara Mazzoni *Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Department, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Bracha-Lea Ochana *Developmental Biology and Cancer Research Department, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Esther Orlanski-MeyerJuliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Jerusalem, Israel.
Ami Ben Ya'acovJuliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Jerusalem, Israel.
Gili FochtJuliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Jerusalem, Israel.
Esty HarpenasMicrobiology and Molecular Genetics Department, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Shimrit ShmorakMicrobiology and Molecular Genetics Department, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Oren LedderJuliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Jerusalem, Israel.
Raffi Lev-TzionJuliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Jerusalem, Israel.
Ruth ShemerDevelopmental Biology and Cancer Research Department, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
Eyal ShteyerJuliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Eisenberg R&D Authority, Jerusalem, Israel. eyals@szmc.org.il.
Yuval DorDevelopmental Biology and Cancer Research Department, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. yuvald@ekmd.huji.ac.il.
Moran YassourMicrobiology and Molecular Genetics Department, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. moranya@mail.huji.ac.il.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFeces represent a complex biological matrix that provides valuable information about intestinal physiology and gut microbial activity. Comprehensive fecal DNA sequencing is mostly utilized as a non-invasive way to profile the gut microbiome, and both clinical practice and research on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) would greatly benefit from accurate and non-invasive methods to monitor gut inflammation in IBD patients. In IBD, excessive immune cell recruitment and epithelial cell shedding in the gut increase the amount of human DNA in feces, making fecal DNA profiling a desirable approach to monitor gut inflammation dynamics.

methodsWe used a combination of sequencing techniques to comprehensively characterize the fecal DNA diversity in a newly established cohort of pediatric IBD patients and controls (Pediatric cohort, N = 134 children, Israel). We performed methylation-based human cell-specific profiling together with shotgun metagenomics to characterize the human and the microbial DNA content in feces, respectively. Moreover, we included a large complementary external cohort including adult IBD patients and controls (Adult cohort, N = 689 adults, the Netherlands), not only to compare microbial patterns across the age spectrum, but also to extend our findings from the methylation-based profiling to the more broadly-available quantification of human DNA in metagenomic sequencing.

resultsWe found that neutrophil DNA dominates fecal human DNA content in IBD patients, and our measurements were highly correlated with fecal calprotectin levels. Combining neutrophil and other cell type DNA fractions in one metric was able to distinguish between remissive and active cases of IBD. Human reads percentage by metagenomics was well correlated with disease severity and species richness, which had distinct trends in CD and UC over time. We used a combination of species richness, human DNA percentage, and microbiome composition data to predict IBD and distinguish CD from UC in both adult and pediatric IBD cohorts.

conclusionsThe comprehensive characterization of human and microbiome fecal DNA is a useful approach to track immune response level and investigate the interaction that the immune system has with gut microbiome richness and composition over time, enriching opportunities for better disease monitoring and thus better treatment of IBD patients. Video Abstract.

Indexed as

BacteriaDNAFecesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeInflammatory Bowel DiseasesAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolDNA, BacterialDNA MethylationFemaleHumansInflammationMaleMetagenomicsDNADNA, BacterialHuman DNAIBDMicrobiomeNeutrophilsPrediction

Identifiers

PMID41742321
PMCPMC13045140

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.