Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41744626›Full record

ArticleBiology2026

Enhancing Circular RNA Translation Efficiency Through Dual Internal Ribosome Entry Sites.

Yawen Sun, Yimin Zhang, Weijie Chen, Ting Chen, Yunlong Zhang, Shanyu Zhang, Changrui Lu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yawen SunCollege of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
Yimin ZhangSangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201611, China.
Weijie ChenSangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201611, China.
Ting ChenCollege of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
Yunlong ZhangCollege of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
Shanyu ZhangCollege of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
Changrui LuCollege of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.

Funding

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities 2232025D-39National Natural Science Foundation of China 22504012Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai 25ZR1402013
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Circular RNA (circRNA) has emerged as a promising vector for drug delivery because, unlike linear mRNA, it does not require costly chemical modifications and offers greater stability and sustained expression in cells. Lacking the canonical 5' cap structure, circRNA relies primarily on internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) to initiate translation, but IRES-mediated initiation is less efficient than cap-dependent translation. To overcome this limitation, we devised a dual-IRES strategy that introduces a second IRES to drive translation of the coding sequence (CDS). By testing several IRES elements known for high translational activity, this study shows that IRESs derived from the EMCV (Encephalomyocarditis virus) family can enhance expression when placed at the 3' of the CDS, in coordination with the 5' EMCV-derived IRES. The optimal dual-IRES combinations identified in this study display compatibility with two different coding sequences, offering a useful strategy to enhance circRNA translation.

Indexed as

circRNAEMCVIREStranslation efficiency

Identifiers

PMID41744626
PMCPMC12937923

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.