Multi-Material Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Hybrid Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Application.

Andrey Abramov, Yan Sulkhanov, Natalia Menshutina

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Andrey AbramovDepartment of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia.

Yan SulkhanovDepartment of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia.

Natalia MenshutinaDepartment of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-7806-1426

Funding

Russian Science Foundation No. 23-13-00368

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Additive manufacturing of hydrogel-based scaffolds requires concurrent control of material rheology and extrusion dynamics, especially in multi-material architectures. In this work, we develop a modular multi-material extrusion-based 3D-printing platform that combines a filament-fed extruder for thermoplastic polymers with a piston-driven extruder for viscous gel inks, together with an empirical calibration procedure for gel dosing. The calibration algorithm optimizes the pre-extrusion and retraction displacement (E

Indexed as

direct ink writing (DIW)extrusion-based 3D printinghydrogel inkshydrogel–thermoplastic hybrid scaffoldsmulti-material 3D printingprintability and dosing accuracyprocess parameterstissue engineering

Identifiers

PMID41744995

DOI10.3390/gels12020123

PMCPMC12939901

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.