ArticleJournal of functional biomaterials2026
Oxidative Stress, Pro-Inflammatory Response, Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induced by Contemporary Endodontic Sealers in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts.
Article in Journal of functional biomaterials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Heart Failure with Reduced and Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Network Interpretive Framework of Mechanisms, Phenotypes, and Therapeutic Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The biological compatibility of endodontic sealers is a key determinant of periapical tissue healing. This in vitro study investigated the cytotoxic, pro-inflammatory, and redox-related effects of eight endodontic sealers on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLFs): Biopulp (Chema-Elektromet), AH Plus (Dentsply Sirona), MTA Fillapex (Angelus), EndoSeal MTA (Maruchi), GuttaFlow (Coltène), AH Plus Bioceramic (Dentsply Sirona), TotalFill BC (FKG Dentaire SA), and BioRoot TM (Septodont). Cells were exposed for 24 h to 10-fold-diluted sealer extracts prepared in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions, while control samples underwent identical procedures without sealer contact. Oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant defense parameters, protein oxidation indices, apoptotic activity (caspase-3), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6), and cell viability (MTT assay) were assessed. Under the applied conditions, all materials induced only limited global oxidative stress, with most alterations reflecting selective protein and glycoxidative modifications. Nevertheless, AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, and the calcium hydroxide-based Biopulp exhibited a less favorable redox profile and greater protein oxidation compared with calcium silicate-based sealers. AH Plus and EndoSeal MTA were associated with increased IL-6 release, whereas EndoSeal MTA moderately elevated IL-1 levels. BioRoot TM demonstrated the lowest cytokine expression, and TotalFill BC preserved high cell viability. Caspase-3 activity remained comparable across all experimental groups, indicating minimal induction of apoptosis.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.