Evidence mapPaperPMID 41745587Full record

ArticleMetabolites2026

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Induces Autoimmune Hypothyroidism with Potential Profound Metabolic Implications: A Cross-Sectional Study in a High-Prevalence Region.

Xiaoli Zhong, Waseem Abbas, Farman Ullah, Rafi Ullah

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Metabolites, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xiaoli ZhongSchool of Health and Wellness, University of Panzhihua, Panzhihua 617000, China.
Waseem AbbasFaculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Malakand Campus, Chakdara 23050, Pakistan.
Farman UllahFaculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Malakand Campus, Chakdara 23050, Pakistan.
Rafi UllahFaculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Malakand Campus, Chakdara 23050, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThyroid hormones regulate energy homeostasis, lipid/glucose metabolism, and protein turnover. Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is highly associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism, which may have profound metabolic implications. This study evaluates thyroid dysfunction and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) autoimmunity in HCV patients and explores its potential metabolic implications in a high-prevalence region.

methodsIn this comparative cross-sectional study adhering to STROBE guidelines, we enrolled 100 PCR-confirmed chronic HCV patients and 100 age/gender-matched controls from District Peshawar, Pakistan. Serum TSH, fT3, fT4, and anti-TPO antibodies were quantified. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender, and viral load, was used to compute adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

resultsThyroid dysfunction affected 41% of HCV patients vs. 12% of controls (aOR 5.2, 95% CI 2.8-9.6,

conclusionsHCV infection is strongly associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism, which may amplify cardiometabolic risk. The paper has not explicitly identified metabolic parameters, including lipid profiles, indices of insulin resistance, and metabolomic signatures, and, therefore, any metabolic inferences are speculative and based on established thyroid and HCV pathophysiology. Routine thyroid screening pre- and post-DAA therapy is recommended, alongside metabolomic profiling to validate these proposed metabolic pathways.

Indexed as

anti-TPO antibodiesautoimmune hypothyroidismcardiometabolic riskcross-sectional studydirect-acting antiviralsenergy expenditureHepatitis C Virusmetabolic dysregulationmetabolomicsPakistan

Identifiers

PMID41745587
PMCPMC12942145

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.