ArticleSports (Basel, Switzerland)2026
One-Week Home-Based HRV Biofeedback with Supervised Sessions Versus Passive Relaxation: Effects on Autonomic, Sensorimotor Functions and Kata Performance in Eastern Martial Arts Athletes.
Article in Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) biofeedback could be considered as a tool to help athletes to optimize their performance. This study aimed to examine the effects of a one-week HRV biofeedback (HRV-BFB) program on physiological indices, sensorimotor functions, and kata performance in Eastern martial arts athletes. Forty high-level martial arts athletes (karate, wushu, taekwondo, kyokushinkai) aged 17-27 years were divided into two groups: a control group (n = 20) and a biofeedback group (BFB, n = 20). Athletes from both groups underwent assessment of sensorimotor functions and the technical quality of their kata routines. The primary outcome was the expert-rated kata performance score. All routines were video-recorded and independently rated by three certified judges. The BFB group completed a hybrid HRV-BFB program consisting of supervised resonance-frequency breathing sessions in the laboratory and one week of home-based practice. During supervised sessions, athletes performed slow abdominal-paced breathing (6 breaths/min). At home, they practiced the same breathing pattern twice daily for one week (5 min per session, smartphone-guided). Nonparametric tests were used because several variables deviated from normality, and the sample size per group was limited (n = 20). After completing the HRV-BFB training, movement oscillation frequency improved significantly, reflected by lower movement oscillation frequency (
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