Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41745774›Full record

ArticleToxins2026

Inter- and Intraspecific Venom Variation in the Reclusive Rear-Fanged Black-Striped Snakes (

John Henry Fowler, Ramses Alejandro Rosales-García, Rhett M Rautsaw, Michael P Hogan, Erich P Hofmann, Andrew J Mason, Ramon Nagesan, Miguel Borja, Luis Herrera, Gamaliel Castañeda-Gaytan and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Toxins, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

John Henry FowlerDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-0005-8495
Ramses Alejandro Rosales-GarcíaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0110-435X
Rhett M RautsawDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8229-5951
Michael P HoganDepartment of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3702-5079
Erich P HofmannDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6209-6800
Andrew J MasonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9848-6595
Ramon NagesanDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology (UMMZ), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6195-1203
Miguel BorjaFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universdad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio 35010, Durango, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0003-4098-7279
Luis HerreraInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biologícas y Ambientales de Honduras, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, San Pedro Sula 21102, Honduras.ORCID 0000-0001-5695-5496
Gamaliel Castañeda-GaytanFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universdad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio 35010, Durango, Mexico.
Alison R Davis RaboskyDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Zoology (UMMZ), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4664-8246
Darin R RokytaDepartment of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0356-2178
Christopher L ParkinsonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2020-6992

Funding

Regulation of Cryptosporidium DevelopmentP20GM146584 · NIGMS · CLEMSON UNIVERSITY · PI KERRY Scot SMITH · 2022 to 2026
$13.5M
Statistical Methods for Gene Regulatory Analysis From Single Cell Genomics DataP20GM139769 · NIGMS · CLEMSON UNIVERSITY · PI ANHOLT, ROBERT R. H, ARNO, GAVIN · 2021 to 2025
$10.8M
National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB 1638879National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB 1638902National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB 1822417National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB 2141892NIGMS NIH HHS P20GM139769NIGMS NIH HHS P20GM146584
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Our current understanding of snake venom is highly biased towards species known to be medically significant in human envenomations. This vastly under-represents the true evolutionary and ecological breadth of snake venom, with gaps spanning entire clades and unique lifestyles. As a result, many genera of rear-fanged snakes lack well-understood venom profiles despite these taxa composing around 65% of known extant snake species. Methodological challenges associated with venom extraction have long been a key reason responsible for the lack of venom research on this group. Modern advancements in venomics technologies have allowed researchers to overcome many of these challenges and investigate the venom components of understudied genera. The genus

Indexed as

black-striped snakeConiophanesDuvernoy’s glandrear-fanged snakesnake venom

Identifiers

PMID41745774
PMCPMC12945099

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.