ArticleVaccines2026
Rational Combination of Dominant and Subdominant Antigens with Nanoadjuvant Elicits Durable Immunity Against
Article in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesIn response to the challenge that
methodsFirstly, recombinant antigens LukS-PV and ClfA were individually covalently conjugated to PLGA-PEG 25% nanoparticles (25% NPs) using EDC/NHS chemical coupling to construct a combined nanovaccine, followed by systemic safety verification in a mouse model. Subsequently, specific antibody titers were detected by ELISA, and the secretion levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-17A were measured by ELISPOT assay to comprehensively evaluate the humoral and cellular immune responses induced by the vaccine. Finally, the protective efficacy of the vaccine was assessed through acute and long-term (up to 180 days) lethal challenge experiments, thereby verifying the effectiveness of this co-design strategy based on rational antigen selection.
resultsThe combined vaccine group (25% NPs-rClfA + 25% NPs-rLukS-PV) not only elicited high levels of specific antibodies but, more importantly, induced robust cellular immune responses dominated by Th1 and Th17 cells. Challenge experiments confirmed that the protective efficacy of the combined vaccine was significantly superior to that of any single-antigen vaccine and provided complete protection for up to 180 days. Crucially, the same antigen combination formulated with a traditional aluminum adjuvant failed to confer this durable protection, underscoring the essential role of adjuvant synergy.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates that rational combination of immunodominant and subdominant antigens with a compatible nanoadjuvant induces synergistic and durable immunity against
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.