ArticleVaccines2026
Impact of Seasonal Nirsevimab Administration in Infants Born During the RSV Circulation Period on RSV-Related Hospitalizations: A Population-Based Study from Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy.
Article in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization in early infancy, with the greatest burden occurring in the first months of life. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries experienced intensified RSV circulation. Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody providing season-long protection after a single dose, was introduced in Italy for the 2024-2025 RSV season and recommended for infants born during the period of RSV circulation. We evaluated the population-level impact of this seasonal nirsevimab strategy on RSV-related hospitalizations among young infants.
methodsWe conducted a population-based observational study using regional hospital discharge records from Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, spanning January 2017 to April 2025. Analyses were restricted to RSV seasons (October-March) and infants aged ≤180 days. RSV-related hospitalizations were identified using ICD-9-CM codes. Hospitalization rates were calculated per 100,000 person-days. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated using negative binomial regression models adjusted for season, age group, and sex, with clustering at the hospital level. The post-nirsevimab season (2024-2025) was compared with the immediate pre-nirsevimab season (2023-2024) and a pre-COVID reference season (2018-2019).
resultsA total of 551 RSV hospitalizations occurred in the pre-COVID season, 753 in the pre-nirsevimab season, and 252 in the post-nirsevimab season. The post-nirsevimab season was associated with a substantial reduction in RSV-related hospitalization rates compared with both the pre-COVID season (IRR 0.52; 95% CI 0.41-0.66) and the pre-nirsevimab season (IRR 0.36; 95% CI 0.29-0.44). Reductions were observed consistently across epidemic months and were most pronounced during the first three to four months of life.
conclusionsSeasonal administration of nirsevimab to infants born during the RSV circulation period was associated with a marked and sustained reduction in RSV-related hospitalizations in early infancy. These findings support the effectiveness of targeted, seasonally timed infant immunoprophylaxis as a population-level RSV prevention strategy.
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