Evidence mapPaperPMID 41746103Full record

ReviewVaccines2026

Impact of Vaccines Across the Lifespan: A New Perspective in Public Health-Conclusions of an Expert Panel-Part 1.

Roberto Debbag, María L Ávila-Agüero, José Brea, Carlos Espinal, Rodrigo Romero-Feregrino, Jaime R Torres, Hebe Vázquez, Robinson Cuadros, Gustavo Lazo-Páez, Andrea Schilling and 3 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Vaccines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Roberto DebbagLatin-American Vaccinology Society, Buenos Aires C1425AWK, Argentina.
María L Ávila-AgüeroPediatric Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San José 111221, Costa Rica.ORCID 0000-0002-1979-0431
José BreaLatin-American Vaccinology Society, Buenos Aires C1425AWK, Argentina.
Carlos EspinalDepartment of Global Health, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Rodrigo Romero-FeregrinoAsociación Mexicana de Vacunología, Instituto Para el Desarrollo Integral de la Salud (IDISA), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), CONCAMIN, Saint Luke School of Medicine, Academia Mexicana de Pediatria, Av. Cuauhtémoc 271, Interior 101, Colonia Roma, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City ZC 06700, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0001-8489-4221
Jaime R TorresInfectious Diseases Section, Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1050, Venezuela.
Hebe VázquezGrupo de Vacunas de la Fundación Centro de Estudios Infectológicos (FUNCEI), Buenos Aires C1425AWK, Argentina.
Robinson CuadrosAsociación Internacional de Gerontología y Geriatría, Comité Latinoamericano y del Caribe, Carrera 7C Bis 139-17, Bogotá 110121, Colombia.
Gustavo Lazo-PáezUniversidad de Ciencias Médicas, San José 2060, Costa Rica.ORCID 0009-0008-0554-9875
Andrea SchillingInstitute of Science and Innovation in Medicine (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile.
Pablo BonvehíCentro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Buenos Aires 1430, Argentina.ORCID 0000-0002-0099-1428
Maisa KairallaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil.
Alfonso J Rodríguez-MoralesFaculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15067, Peru.ORCID 0000-0001-9773-2192

Funding

MSD Latin America No number
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Population aging is the most significant demographic transformation of the 21st century, reshaping health systems, economies, and societies. The biological processes of immunosenescence and inflammaging weaken host defenses, reduce vaccine effectiveness, and increase vulnerability to infectious and chronic diseases. These changes underscore the urgent need for preventive strategies that extend beyond childhood immunization. Vaccination is a cornerstone of healthy aging, capable of preventing infections and has been associated with reductions in systemic inflammation, frailty, and loss of functional independence in later life. Furthermore, new insights into vaccine-mediated immunomodulation, including trained immunity, adjuvanted formulations, and epigenetic reprogramming, highlight the evolving role of vaccines as modulators of immune fitness across the lifespan. This first part of our review examines the intersection of aging and immunity, as well as the potential of vaccines to address these challenges. Part 2 will expand on specific vaccines, proposed vaccination schedules, and global perspectives for lifelong immunization.

Indexed as

healthy agingimmune fitnessimmunosenescenceinflammaginglifelong vaccinationpublic healthvaccine-mediated immunomodulation

Identifiers

PMID41746103
PMCPMC12945074

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.