Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41746122›Full record

ArticleJournal of managed care & specialty pharmacy2026

Antiretroviral therapy switch among Medicare beneficiaries with HIV.

Mary J Christoph, Uche Mordi, Suying Li, Haifeng Guo, TingTing Gong, Travis Lim, Seojin Park, Woodie Zachry, Phyllis C Tien

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mary J ChristophGilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA.
Uche MordiGilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA.
Suying LiChronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis, MN.
Haifeng GuoChronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis, MN.
TingTing GongChronic Disease Research Group, Minneapolis, MN.
Travis LimGilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA.
Seojin ParkGilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA.
Woodie ZachryGilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA.
Phyllis C TienDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Francisco.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPersistence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential for optimal HIV treatment outcomes. People with HIV (PWH) enrolled in Medicare often have a higher prevalence of comorbidities, which can negatively impact persistence, leading to suboptimal HIV outcomes.

objectiveTo compare ART switch patterns among PWH insured by Medicare.

methodsUsing Medicare Fee-for-Service and Medicare Advantage claims data from January 2017 to December 2022, a retrospective cohort study of treatment-experienced PWH aged 18 years and older and on ART was conducted. ART regimens included bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF), dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC), dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine (DTG/ABC/3TC), or multitablet regimens (MTRs; dolutegravir + emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide [DTG + F/TAF] or dolutegravir + emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [DTG + F/TDF]). An analysis of PWH who had mental health and/or substance use disorders was also conducted. Treatment switch by ART regimen was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards models after using inverse probability treatment weighting to balance across groups.

resultsA total of 30,205 treatment-experienced PWH were included. PWH who initiated DTG/3TC, DTG/ABC/3TC, and MTRs on the index date had 1.28 (95% CI = 1.13-1.45), 2.67 (95% CI = 2.47-2.89), and 5.37 (95% CI = 4.60-6.26) times higher hazard ratio of switching ART, respectively, compared with PWH indexed on B/F/TAF (all

conclusionsMedicare-insured PWH indexed on B/F/TAF had lower risk of treatment switch compared with other ART regimens, both overall and in the subgroup with mental health and/or substance use disorders. These findings may inform targeted strategies for optimal treatment selection for PWH.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsDrug SubstitutionHIV InfectionsMedicareAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesAnti-HIV Agents

Identifiers

PMID41746122
PMCPMC13119497

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.