Evidence mapPaperPMID 41746984Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Attrition and associated factors among patients on chronic antihypertensive therapy at Mulago hospital, Uganda: A mixed method study.

Nathan Ntenkaire, Mark Kaddu Mukasa, Patience Muwanguzi, Brian Mikka, Sandra Lunkuse, Julius Mubiru, Maxwell Okwero, Beatrice Basuuta, Douglas Bulafu, Joan N Kalyango

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Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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10 authors.

Nathan NtenkaireClinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5824-1072
Mark Kaddu MukasaDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Patience MuwanguziClinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Brian MikkaClinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Sandra LunkuseClinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Julius MubiruClinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2539-216X
Maxwell OkweroClinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Beatrice BasuutaClinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Douglas BulafuClinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5362-7577
Joan N KalyangoClinical Epidemiology Unit, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

Funding

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAttrition among patients on chronic antihypertensive therapy is a significant problem that can lead to serious health consequences, including uncontrolled blood pressure. Several factors underlie attrition, so healthcare providers must address them to prevent treatment discontinuation and ensure optimal outcomes. Therefore, this study assessed attrition and associated factors among hypertensive patients from January 2020 and December 2022.

methodsA sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. The quantitative study was a retrospective cohort study design using files of 1215 hypertensive patients. The qualitative study employed an explanatory descriptive design among 16 patients. A data abstraction tool and an interview guide were used for data collection. Attrition was defined as patients who were lost to follow-up. Extended Cox regression was used to determine the factors associated with time to attrition at 5% level of significance and qualitative data analysis employed a thematic analysis codebook.

resultsThe attrition proportion was 56.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 54.0-59.7) with most patients getting lost to follow-up in 2020 (64.9%) and fewest in 2021 (54.7%). Age (hazard ratio (HR)=0.947, 95% CI 0.931-0.963), female Sex (HR = 0.734, 95% CI 0.620-0.869), residence outside Kampala (Capital City) (HR = 1.24, 95%CI 1.063-1.455), 2022 cohort entry year (HR = 1.433, 95% CI 1.156-1.777), last visit systolic blood pressure (SBP) (HR = 1.014, 95% CI 1.009-1.018), and last visit diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (HR = 0.947,95% CI 0.931-0.963) were associated with time to attrition. Loss to follow-up (LTFU) was driven by structural and contextual barriers, health system challenges, and illness perceptions and health-related limitations.

conclusionHypertensive patient attrition proportion is high, below the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 80% retention target. This calls for innovative retention strategies, and targeted support for high-risk groups like the male patients and those distant from the health facility. Patient-centered approaches addressing structural and health system barriers are essential to improving retention in hypertension care.

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PMID41746984
PMCPMC12944796

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.