Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41747736›Full record

ArticleImmunity2026

HIV broadly neutralizing antibody escape dynamics drive the outcome of AAV-vectored immunotherapy in humanized mice.

Nicolas M S Galvez, Adam D Nitido, Seo Bin Yoo, Yi Cao, Cailin E Deal, Christine L Boutros, Scott W MacDonald, Yentli E Soto Albrecht, Evan C Lam, Maegan L Sheehan and 15 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Immunity, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Nicolas M S GalvezRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Adam D NitidoRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Seo Bin YooRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Yi CaoRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Cailin E DealRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Christine L BoutrosRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Scott W MacDonaldRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Yentli E Soto AlbrechtRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Evan C LamRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Maegan L SheehanRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Dylan ParsonsRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Allen Z LinRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Martin J DeymierRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Jacqueline M BradyRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Benjamin MoonRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Christopher B BullockRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Serah TannoRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Amarendra PeguVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Xuejun ChenVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Cuiping LiuVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Richard A KoupVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
John R MascolaVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Vladimir D VrbanacRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Daniel LingwoodRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Alejandro B BalazsRagon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: abalazs@mgh.harvard.edu.

Funding

SARS-CoV-2 Variant TestingR01AI146785 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LINGWOOD, DANIEL · 2020 to 2024
$3.3M
Polyclonal Bi-Specific Vectored ImmunoTherapy to Functionally Cure HIV InfectionDP1DA060607 · NIDA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Alejandro Benjamin Balazs · 2024 to 2026
$3.2M
Engineering Humoral Immunity to Functionally Cure HIV InfectionDP2DA040254 · NIDA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BALAZS, ALEJANDRO BENJAMIN · 2015 to 2015
$2.6M
Eliminating the Immunogenicity of AAV Vectored HIV Antibody DeliveryR01AI174276 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Alejandro Benjamin Balazs · 2024 to 2026
$2.5M
Triggering germline-encoded broadly neutralizing antibody responses against influenza virusR01AI153098 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BATISTA, FACUNDO DAMIAN, LINGWOOD, DANIEL · 2020 to 2023
$2.1M
Systemic coordination of pro-inflammatory immune reactions through dendritic cell-restricted sIL6R biogenesisR01AI155447 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LINGWOOD, DANIEL · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M
AAV Vectored Delivery of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies with Optimal Innate Functionality Against HIVR01AI174875 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BALAZS, ALEJANDRO BENJAMIN · 2023 to 2024
$1.6M
Elicitation of pan-influenza A antibodies via simple B cell development pathwaysR01AI195539 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Facundo Damian Batista, Daniel Lingwood · 2026 to 2026
$661k
Sex differences in a cytokine controlling antibody class switch recombinationR21AI193280 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI LINGWOOD, DANIEL · 2025 to 2025
$439k
Development of Vectored ImmunoProphylaxis as a strategy against HIVK22AI102769 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BALAZS, ALEJANDRO BENJAMIN · 2014 to 2015
$264k
NIAID NIH HHS K22 AI102769NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI146785NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI153098NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI155447NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI174276NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI174875NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI195539NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI193280NIDA NIH HHS DP1 DA060607NIDA NIH HHS DP2 DA040254
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have shown promise for the prevention and treatment of HIV. Potency and breadth measured in vitro are often used as predictors of clinical potential; however, human studies demonstrate that the clinical efficacy of bNAbs can be undermined by both preexisting and de novo resistance. Here, we found that HIV-infected humanized mice receiving bNAbs delivered via adeno-associated virus (AAV) as vectored immunotherapy (VIT) could be used to identify antibody escape paths, which were largely conserved for each bNAb. Path selection and consequent therapeutic success were driven by the fitness cost and resistance benefit of emerging mutations. Applying this framework, we independently modulated bNAb resistance or the fitness cost of escape mutants, resulting in the enhanced efficacy of VIT. This escape-path analysis successfully explains the therapeutic efficacy of bNAbs and enables a tractable means of quantifying and comparing the potential for viral escape from therapeutics in vivo.

Indexed as

Antibodies, NeutralizingBroadly Neutralizing AntibodiesDependovirusHIV-1HIV AntibodiesHIV InfectionsImmune EvasionImmunotherapyAnimalsGenetic VectorsHumansMiceMice, SCIDAntibodies, NeutralizingBroadly Neutralizing AntibodiesHIV AntibodiesAAVbroadly neutralizing antibodyescapabilityevolutionfitnessHIVhumanized miceresistancevectored immunotherapy

Identifiers

PMID41747736
PMCPMC13158945

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.