ArticleEnvironmental research2026
A molecular and cellular understanding of PFDA-exposure-associated outcomes on biological assemblies.
Article in Environmental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Human exposure to the fluorosurfactant perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) is associated with toxic health outcomes in part arising compromised immune responses. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to adverse physiological outputs have remained elusive. Here, the interactions between PFDA and the milk protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG) was extensively investigated. Our results reveal that PFDA perturbs protein structure in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, by binding to BLG (Kd ≈ 3.2 μM; ΔG = -7.5 kcal/mol) PFDA compromises the ability of the protein to recruit and bind to retinol (Vitamin A), which is otherwise transported by lipocalin. This feature was experimentally verified by measuring the kinetics of retinol binding to BLG which was attenuated in the presence of PFDA. Docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations expose several intermolecular interactions between the protein-side chain and both the fluoroalkyl tail and polar head group of PFDA providing an understanding of the mechanism(s) by which PFDA competes with retinol binding and also interferes with protein structure. These interactions include salt-bridge formation between the -COO
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