Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41748747›Full record

ArticlePediatric research2026

Dexmedetomidine versus opioids for sedation during therapeutic hypothermia in neonatal HIE: efficacy, safety, and dose-response relationship.

Athanasios Chamzas, Fulden Aycan, Mathangi Gopalakrishnan, Dina El Metwally

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Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Athanasios ChamzasCenter for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Fulden AycanNeonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mathangi GopalakrishnanCenter for Translational Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Dina El MetwallyNeonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. dmetwally@som.umaryland.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectiveTherapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the standard of care for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), but effective sedation remains a challenge. Opioids are widely used but are associated with respiratory depression, delayed enteral feeding, and neurodevelopmental concerns. This study assessed the efficacy, safety, and dose-response profile of dexmedetomidine as an alternative sedative.

methodsIn this single-center retrospective cohort study, 163 neonates with HIE receiving TH between 2018 and 2024 were evaluated. Outcomes were compared between those receiving dexmedetomidine-based sedation (n = 61) versus opioid-only sedation (n = 102). Primary outcomes included cumulative opioid dose, sedation adequacy (NPASS), bradycardia <80 bpm incidence, and respiratory support needs.

resultsDexmedetomidine was associated with 50% lower cumulative opioid exposure (46 vs. 95 μg/kg, p < 0.001), fewer rescue doses (3.3 vs. 5.0), shorter time to full enteral feeding (6 vs. 7 days, p < 0.001), and reduced mechanical ventilation (8.5% vs. 17%, p = 0.14). Sedation scores and hemodynamics were comparable. Bradycardia occurred in 41% of dexmedetomidine-treated neonates, leading to discontinuation in 30%. Dose-response analysis suggested efficacy plateaued above 0.5 μg/kg/hr, with increasing bradycardia risk.

conclusionDexmedetomidine was effective and generally well tolerated during TH. Infusion rates between 0.25 and 0.5 μg/kg/hr may optimize the balance of efficacy and safety. IMPACT: Dexmedetomidine use during therapeutic hypothermia in neonates with HIE reduced opioid exposure by 50% while maintaining sedation efficacy. Associated with earlier achievement of full enteral feeding and lower rates of mechanical ventilation compared with opioid-only sedation. Dose-response analysis identified an infusion range (0.25-0.5 μg/kg/hr) balancing sedation efficacy with bradycardia risk. Findings support dexmedetomidine as a viable first-line sedative during therapeutic hypothermia and inform safer dosing strategies.

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.