Evidence mapPaperPMID 41748849Full record

SynthesisCNS drugs2026

Efficacy and Safety of Cannabinoids for Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.

Tiffany J Pan, Hui Jue Wang, Almira Siddiqui, Divya Kurumala, Myuri Ruthirakuhan, Walter Swardfager, Giovanni Marotta, Krista L Lanctôt

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-AnalysisReview
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In one paragraph

Synthesis in CNS drugs, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tiffany J PanGeriatric Psychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.ORCID 0009-0004-1597-4374
Hui Jue WangGeriatric Psychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
Almira SiddiquiGeriatric Psychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
Divya KurumalaGeriatric Psychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
Myuri RuthirakuhanHurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-0308-2593
Walter SwardfagerDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Giovanni MarottaGeriatric Psychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
Krista L LanctôtGeriatric Psychopharmacology Research Group, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave, FG52, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada. Krista.lanctot@sunnybrook.ca.ORCID 0000-0001-7024-6637

Funding

Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation GC-201808-2016354Weston Brain Institute CT190002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectiveNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are highly prevalent in persons with dementia and have been associated with adverse health outcomes. Neuropsychiatric symptoms can impose major physical, psychosocial, and financial burdens on caregivers while contributing to additional pressure on healthcare systems. Although atypical antipsychotics have received regulatory approval for treating specific NPS, such as agitation, their use in older adults has been linked to higher risks of mortality, cardiovascular events, and falls. Cannabinoids have emerged as promising pharmacological treatments for NPS in dementia, including agitation, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, owing to their behavior-modulating effects. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive assessment of the efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for NPS in dementia, which may help refine evidence-based guidelines for their use.

methodsWe systematically reviewed studies from MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to August 2025. Search terms relevant to cannabinoids and dementia were used. Randomized controlled trials on the use of cannabinoids for treating NPS in dementia with published results were included. Participant characteristics, including age, sex, and baseline cognition, were collected. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to examine standardized mean differences in NPS scores between cannabinoid and placebo groups. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool (RoB 2) for randomized trials. Heterogeneity between studies was analyzed through I

resultsOf the ten included studies (328 participants), eight assessed total NPS and nine reported on agitation in persons with dementia. Our results indicated that cannabinoids did not decrease total NPS (standardized mean difference [SMD]: - 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.48 to 0.12; p = 0.2) compared to placebo, but reduced agitation (SMD: - 0.52, 95% CI - 1.00 to - 0.05, p = 0.03) with high heterogeneity (I

conclusionsThis review provides up-to-date evidence that cannabinoids are efficacious for alleviating dementia-related agitation and are generally well tolerated in this population, though sedation was more commonly reported in the cannabinoid group. However, the data remained scarce for other NPS and requires further research.

Indexed as

CannabinoidsDementiaHumansPsychomotor AgitationRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicCannabinoids

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.