ArticleNature methods2026
Next-generation multicolor indicators for in vivo imaging of norepinephrine.
Article in Nature methods, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Subtype-resolved norepinephrine imaging with an engineered αCell reports methods · 2026Article
- Norepinephrine and dopamine sensor crosstalk depends on local innervation density.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Illuminating the Future of Catecholamine Detection.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Review
- Inferring norepinephrine dynamics from partial observations reveals the temporal structure of elevations during arousal.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
30 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) is a critical neuromodulator that dynamically shapes brain states and behavior. Genetically encoded fluorescent NE indicators have enabled in vivo visualization of NE release, yet their limited sensitivity and spectral flexibility constrain widespread use in complex experimental paradigms. Here we developed next-generation green and red fluorescent NE indicators, named nLightG2 and nLightR2, respectively. We systematically compared them to other state-of-the-art indicators and found that both indicators improve the detection of endogenous NE release across preparations. Using dual-color photometry, both nLightG2 and nLightR2 could reliably track physiologically relevant NE release along with neuronal activity in different brain areas. Using two-photon imaging, nLightR2 permitted simultaneous dual-color imaging of NE release and astrocytic activity in the hippocampus, while nLightG2 enabled the detection of spatiotemporally discrete NE release events in the visual cortex of awake mice. This improved toolkit will prove useful for dissecting the spatiotemporal complexity of norepinephrine signaling in the brain.
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