ArticleJournal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine2026
Comparison of the Application Value of 4-Dimensional Hysterosalpingo-Contrast Sonography and X-Ray Hysterosalpingography in Intrauterine Insemination.
Article in Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesTo compare the application value of 4-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (4D-HyCoSy) and x-ray hysterosalpingography (HSG) in intrauterine insemination (IUI) patients.
methodsIn this retrospective study, a total of 725 infertile patients who underwent IUI in Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were divided into 2 groups based on the type of salpingography: 535 cases in the HSG group and 190 cases in the 4D-HyCoSy group. The clinical pregnancy rates, the number of IUI cycles required to achieve clinical pregnancy, and the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.
resultsThere were no significant differences in baseline data between the HSG group and the 4D-HyCoSy group. The clinical pregnancy rates were 19.43% for the HSG group and 17.89% for the 4D-HyCoSy group (p = 0.66). The number of IUI cycles required to achieve clinical pregnancy was 1.55 ± 0.65 for the HSG group and 1.62 ± 0.79 for the 4D-HyCoSy group (p = 0.65). The ectopic pregnancy rates were 2.8% for the HSG group and 2.9% for the 4D-HyCoSy group (p = 0.43). The biochemical pregnancy rates were 1.9% for the HSG group and 1.6% for the 4D-HyCoSy group (p = 0.42). The early miscarriage rates were 11.5% for the HSG group and 14.7% for the 4D-HyCoSy group (p = 0.63). No significant differences were found in any of these parameters.
conclusionThe type of salpingography HSG and 4D-HyCoSy do not affect the clinical pregnancy outcomes in IUI. Therefore, it is recommended that HSG be phased out in favor of adopting 4D-HyCoSy as the first-line diagnostic test for tubal patency in pre-IUI evaluation.
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